266 FAMILY VI. ACRIDID.E. THE LOCUSTS. 



Great Slave Lake and Alberta, Canada, west in this country to 

 Montana and Wyoming and south and southwest to North Caro- 

 lina, Virginia, Missouri and Kansas. It is recorded from Florida 

 by Saussure (1884, 88) and from Mexico by F. Walker, but these 

 records were probably based on wrong identifications. Scudder 

 (1892, 303) reports it from Nova Scotia, but it is not listed by 

 either Piers or Gooderham, and Piers (1918, 278) says that he is 

 "very strongly of the opinion that some mistake was made by 

 Scudder in his record." In Ontario, Walker (1898, 260) found 

 "great disparity in the relative number of the two sexes," stating 

 that in five years he had seen more than 100 males, but only four 

 females. There it occurs "on light sandy soil, covered preferably 

 with rather long grass and generally with other plants, as lupine, 

 scrub oak, blueberries, etc. It appears from about the 12th of May 

 till near the end of June, the nymphs being found late in autumn 

 and again in early spring. Wherever I have found this species it 

 has been associated with ArpJtia sulpliurea" 



The rarity of the females noted by Walker is probably not so 

 much a reality as a successful hiding by that sex, as in this and 

 many other of our larger locusts the female relies upon conceal- 

 ment for escape rather than upon flight, as does the more active 

 male. The Ocdipoda oWiternta Burm. and Locusta coraUina Har- 

 ris are synonyms of H. apiculatiis. The latter has also been con- 

 fused many times by American writers with H. phoenicopterus 

 (Burm.), it having been treated under that name by Scudder 

 (1862) and Thomas (1873). 



114. HIPPISCUS PHCENICOPTERUS (Burmeister ) , 1838, 643. Orange-winged 



Locust. 



General color ash or reddish-brown, the males darker; face ash-brown 

 or clay-yellow ; occiput and disk of pronotum dark brown ; all of these 

 parts, as well as the upper and lower outer faces of hind femora often 

 prettily tinged with greenish. Tegmina ash-brown, with numerous large 

 dark brown or blackish spots, those of female more distinct, the light in- 

 terspaces being wider, the largest of these spots on the lower third being 

 just behind the expanded basal lobe. Wings deep orange (rarely yellow") 

 at base, this hue bordered behind by a curved black band extending from 

 costal margin to anal angle, this sending off nearly to base the usual dark 

 submarginal spur; apical fourth transparent and smoky, the extreme tip 

 in male with one or two fuscous blotches. Inner face of hind femora deep 

 blue, with an orange bar near apex; outer face reddish or yellowish-brown, 

 with three black bars on upper portion. Hind tibiae yellowish, often tinged 

 with orange, the spines tipped with black. Vertex prominent, basal two- 

 thirds broad, sides distinct, suddenly converging opposite front half of 

 eyes but not uniting in front; disk with median carina low and in females 

 often with a cross carina on posterior half; foveolse small, distinct, trian- 



