STP.FAM ILY V. GRYLLIX.10. 



70:3 



Fig. 237. Short-winged fe- 

 male. (After Lugger.) 



times. Length of body, <$ and 9, 17 17.5; of 

 pronotum, $, 3 3.5, 9, 3.5 4.2; of tegmina, 

 c$ , 11-5, 9 , short-winged form, 10, long-winged 

 form, 12.4; of hind femora, $, 1012.2, 9, 

 10.512.4; of ovipositor, 1314 mm. Width of 

 pronotum, $ and 9, 6.3 mm. (Fig. 237.) 



From luctiiosus this form may be dis- 

 tinguished by the shorter body, less swol- 

 len head of male and especially by the 

 short ovipositor, which in Indiana speci- 

 mens ranges between \-\ and 14 mm. in 

 length- The main distinguishing charac- 

 ters between pennsylvanicus and i-rriuilix 

 are set out under the latter form. An- 

 other, very noticeable in the field in 

 spring 1 , is the dull grayish tinge of fresh 

 specimens of pennsylvanicus, especially on 

 the legs and pronotum, the whole body of 

 r<r>/f///.s- being shining black. 



Tu Indiana pennsylvanicus is also 

 everywhere a common cricket and for the 



most part survives the winter in the nymph stage, the young, on 

 the approach of cold weather, making for themselves cone-shaped 

 cavities an inch or two across the top and about as deep, in the 

 mold beneath decaying logs and rubbish. Sometimes the mar- 

 gins of these burrows are surrounded by fragments of grass stems 

 and pieces of decaying leaves. In warm, sheltered localities, 

 some individuals evidently reach maturity in late autumn or early 

 winter; a full grown, freshly moulted female having been taken 

 in a greenhouse in Marion County, on December 14th. The males 

 begin to pass their final moult in central Indiana about May l.~>th, 

 and from then on through June and July the open woods pastures 

 and the angles of old rail fences echo with the music of their 

 song. The young hatch in July and August, and after the second 

 or third moult form their winter abiding places, while the adults 

 perish with the coming of the hoar frost. The long winged form 

 is much less common than the short winged and is seldom met 

 with in the field; but may often be found about electric and other 

 lights during the summer nights. However, on two occasions in 

 June, I have taken a long winged male in company with two short 

 winged females beneath logs. 



The range of the form or variant f.l. a. iH'iiiixi/lr<ini<-iti* is even 

 wider than that of luctiiosus extending from Prince Edward Is- 



