746 ORTHOPTERA OF NORTHEASTERN AMERICA. 



vania, Virginia and western North Carolina. The fauna of this 

 zone is known as the Boreal, three of its typical Orthoptera being 

 Circotettix verruculatus (Kirby), Podistna glacial is (Scudd.) and 

 Melanoplus borealis (Fieb.) 



TRANSITION LIFE ZONE. The area of this zone treated includes 

 southern Ontario, Michigan and New England, the greater por- 

 tions of New York, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, the northern 

 fourth of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, and the region of the Al- 

 leghau3 T Mountains in West Virginia and North Carolina. Its 

 fauna is known as the Alleglianian. Among its characteristic 

 Orthoptera are Chorthippus curtlpennis (Harr.), Cainnula pellu- 

 cida (Scudd.) and Melanoplus fasciatus (Walker.) 



UPPER AUSTRAL LIFE ZONE. This zone as covered, includes the 

 greater portion of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, 

 New Jersey and Maryland, western North Carolina and the north- 

 ern portions of South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama. Small 

 areas near the Great Lakes in Wisconsin, southern Michigan and 

 New York are also included. Its fauna is known as the Carolinian 

 and comprises the great majority of our common northern and 

 best known Orthoptera. Among them may be mentioned 

 Clikraltis conspersa Harr., Melanoplus feiinir-nibruin (DeGeer) 

 mid Pteropliylla caiiiellifolia (Fab.) 



LOWER AUSTRAL LIFE ZONE. This comprises in our territory 

 eastern Virginia and North Carolina, the most of the southern 

 two-thirds or more of South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama, al- 

 most all of Mississippi, the western thirds of Kentucky and Ten- 

 nessee and a portion of the southern thirds of Illinois and In- 

 diana. This zone embraces, for the most part, the Coastal Plain 

 region of the South Atlantic States, its soft incoherent deposits 

 and extensive marsh areas being separated from the harder rocks 

 and rugged topography of the Piedmont Plateau on the north 

 and west by what is known as the "fall line." This line extends 

 in a curve from near Washington, D. C. to Columbus, Ga. The 

 fauna of the Lower Austral Zone is known as the Austrorijtarian, 

 and among its characteristic Orthoptera may be mentioned Xtaa- 

 moinantis Carolina (Joh.), Schistocerca damnified (Sauss.) and 

 Amblycorypha ulileri Brunn. 



SABALIAN LIFE ZONE.- This zone comprises the northern three- 

 fourths of peninsular Florida and a narrow strip known as the 

 Lower Coastal Plain along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts from Pam- 

 lico Sound, North Car., to New Orleans, La. Its fauna is known 

 as the Subtropical and comprises such species as Af/laoptern.v gent- 



