HABITS AND SONUS OF OUTIIOPTERA. !> 



of Orthoptera," published in three volumes (1904, 1906, 1910), 

 which deals with the Orthoplera of the world, bu( contains many 

 errors in the synonymy of the North American forms. 



MEASUREMENTS. The measurements used in this work are 

 given in millimeters or decimals thereof. A millimeter (mm.) = 

 .0394, or a little more than 1/25 of an inch. For all practical 

 purposes it may be remembered that 2.5 mm. =1/10 inch; 3 mm.= 

 1/8-f-inch; 4 mm.=l/G-f inch ; 5 mm. =1/5 inch; 7.5 mm. =3/10 

 inch; 10 mm. =2/5 inch; 12.5 mm. =1/2 inch; 15 mm. =3/5 inch; 

 17.5 mm. = 7/10 inch; 20 mm. =4/5 inch. 



The measurements as given are usually those of the extremes 

 of the series at hand and thus represent fairly well the variation 

 in size of the different parts measured. The length of the body 

 is taken from the tip of the vertex to the apex of the subgenital 

 plate in male and base of ovipositor in female. 



HABITS AND SONGS OF ORTHOPTERA. The habits of any form 

 of animal life are usually of especial interest to the student of 

 natural history. Each individual of the myriad living moving 

 forms found upon this old earth of ours has its daily routine of 

 life, its journeys great or small, its quest for food, its search for 

 a mate, its care of offspring, its place of hiding, its means of self- 

 protection, its limits in hours or days or years of life, its final 

 passing back to the dust of the common mother to that matter 

 which is indestructible, yet ever mutable ever ready to become 

 a living, moving part of a mite or a man, a mouse or an elephant. 

 Of all these forms of life none are more interesting in habits than 

 the Orthoptera which, while few in numbers as compared with 

 the great bulk of insect life, have a history reaching back far be- 

 yond that of man himself. For they were the first musicians of 

 the earth, and by the means of their shrilling organs enlivened the 

 solitudes of the strange old Devonian forests with their love calls 

 and wooing notes. Hancock in his charming work "Nature 

 Sketches in Temperate America," has described the habits of 

 many Orthopterons. Scudder has set their songs to music. He- 

 bard and Walker, Somes and Morse, Davis and Allard, Piers and 

 Fox have described their notes, their haunts, their daily habits. 

 From the writings of all these and many others I have gleaned 

 and have included in the notes on each species those observations 

 which it was thought would be most interesting. To some this 

 mingling of the poetical with the technical may be deemed out of 

 place in a work like this, but Grant Allen has well said: "Our 

 thoughts about nature and nature's objects are often too largely 



