SUBFAMILY III. - LOCUSTI1SLE. 303 



With few exceptions, all of our northern species pass the win- 

 ter in the egg stage, and begin to reach maturity about June 1st, 

 though most of them are not common until July. The Kentucky 

 blue-grass and the different kinds of meadow grasses are then a 

 darker green and, when rank, turn brown early in the autumn. 

 The different species of jUclaitoplits and other locusts whose hues 

 are olive green or brown, find in the failed clumps of these grasses 

 places of hiding well suiting their color, as well as an abundance 

 of food well suiting their taste. Tn Florida and other southern 

 states more species pass the winter as adults, though even there 

 the majority are represented during the winter months by the 

 eggs alone. 



The males of Loeustina? rarely stridulate, and then only when 

 at rest, by rubbing the inner surface of the hind femora against 

 the outer surface of the tegmina. Scudder (1893, 75) has men- 

 tioned the stridulation movements, without record of sound, in 

 Melanoplus femur-rubru/m . Morse (Ms.) is inclined to doubt the 

 production of sound by the majority of our species, though all 

 have the "ear" or tympanal membrane present, stating that : "It 

 seems to me not unlikely that they might make the movement (as 

 a family characteristic) even if no sound was produced." 



The literature, treating more or less especially of North Amer- 

 ican Loeustina-, is as follows: Scudder, 1875b, 1878, 1896d, 1897, 

 1897a, 1897b, 1899b, 1899c ; Bruner, 1893; Morse, 1898; Rehn, 

 1902; Blatchley, 1903; Somes, 3914; K, & H., 1916; Hebard, 1917b, 

 1918, 1919a. 



For convenience of treatment, the Locustinre of the Eastern 

 States may be subdivided into four groups or tribes, separated as 

 follows: 



KEY TO THE EASTERN TRIBES OF THE SUBFAMILY 



a. Inner wings carmine red with black border; hind tibiae furnished 

 above with an apical spine on both sides ; form very large and ro- 

 bust, length of body 50 60 mm.; adult with tegmina shorter than 

 abdomen. Tribe I. ROMALI, p. 304. 



a. Inner wings transparent or nearly so; hind tibiae with no apical spine 

 on the outer side; form much more slender, rarely (Schistocerca) 

 over 45 mm. in length, usually much less; tegmina of adult usually 

 equalling or exceeding the abdomen, when shorter, the body not 

 over 30 mm. in length. 



1>. Face very oblique; fastigium of vertex triangular, strongly pro- 

 duced in front of eyes; antenna? more or less ensiform, the 

 joints of basal half flattened; front and middle legs very short. 



Tribe II. LEPTYSMI, p. 307. 



6b. Face nearly vertical; fastigium not triangularly produced; an- 

 tenna? filiform; front and middle legs of moderate length. 



