SUBFAMILY III. COPIPHORIX.E. 513 



the northern than in the southern half of the State. As in Belo- 

 << l>li alii* the color is dimorphic, green and brown forms of most 

 of the species being known, the former largely predominating. 



Of the habits of the species as found in Illinois, McNeill (1891) 

 has written: "All the species of Conocephalus seem to possess 

 more intelligence than is usual among the Orthoptera, and they 

 are about the most difficult of the order to approach. In escap- 

 ing they usually slip or fall into the grass instead of jumping or 

 flying; but they seem to fully understand that they are very well 

 protected by their color and form. If approached very cautiously 

 they often remain quite still upon the stem of grass upon which 

 you have surprised them with the usually well founded expecta- 

 tion that you will not be able to distinguish them from the green 

 herbage around. If they think it worth while to make some ac- 

 tive movement to escape they w T ill frequently slip around on the 

 other side of the stem and walk down the stem to the ground or 

 off upon another plant. Unlike most Orthoptera they do not use 

 their front legs in holding to the mouth the thing upon which 

 they feed. Instead of biting they seem to wrench or tear away 

 pieces from the stems or leaves." 



Allard (1910c) says: "The stridulations of the species of 

 Neoconoccphalus, like the notes of all the Locustidae, entirely lack 

 any musical tone or trill so characteristic of the crickets. Their 

 notes are always loud, buzzing and penetrating, and differ not so 

 much in sound-quality as in the manner of delivery. The notes of 

 all species may be definitely classed as intermittent or prolonged. 

 These insects are almost strictly terrestrial, are persistent singers, 

 and most species stridulate most actively at night." 



Redtenbacher, in his monograph (1891), recognized 101 species 

 of CoiKiccpJiahis from all parts of the world. Scudder (1900, 72) 

 listed 16 from the United States. Under the generic name Con- 

 ocepJmloides Kirby (190(5, 241) recognized 143 species of the 

 insects. Karney (1907, 22) proposed a number of subgenera for 

 this aggregation and in 1912 elevated his name Neoconocephalus 

 to generic rank, the older names Conoccplidlits and CoiioccjiJiii- 

 JoifJes having been shown to belong rightfully to other groups of 

 Tettigoniidae. Rehn & Hebard, in their Synopsis (191.")) recog- 

 nized only 11 species and one variety from America north of Mex- 

 ico, all of which occur in the territory covered by this work. 



KEY TO AMERICAN SPECIES OF NEOCONOCEPHALUS. 



a. Fastigium or cone of vertex distinctly longer than wide, its apex not 



broadly and evenly rounded. 

 &. Fastigium narrowing rapidly from near base or middle to apex, 



