534 FAMILY VII. TETTKJUNIin.-E. THE KATYDIDS. 



hoppers, with long', tapering antenna' which are so common in 

 summer and early autumn in dam]) meadows and prairies and 

 along the margins of streams, ditches and ponds. They are mostly 

 terrestrial in their habits, and the color of their bodies corresponds 

 closely with that of the stems and leaves of the sedges and grasses 

 among which they dwell, thus protecting them from the sight of 

 the few birds which frequent a like locality. Their songs, pro- 

 duced in the same manner as those of their larger cousins, the 

 katydids, are as frequent by day as by night, but are usually soft 

 and low in comparison with those of the former. Their day song- 

 differs from that of the night, and, says Scudder (1868, 116) : "It 

 is curious to observe these little creatures suddenly changing from 

 the day to the night song at the mere passing of a cloud and re- 

 turning to the old note when the sky is clear. By imitating the 

 two songs in the daytime the grasshoppers can be made to repre- 

 sent either at will; at night they have but one note." 



The eggs of the Conocephalimie are deposited between the stems 

 and root leaves of grass, in the pith of twigs, or sometimes in the 

 turnip-shaped galls so common on certain species of willows. The 

 ovipositor, being thus used as a piercer, has in time developed 

 into a slender and sharp pointed instrument which is but little 

 curved and is frequently of excessive length, in some species be- 

 ing over twice as long as the remainder of the body. 



The subfamily is represented in the eastern United States by 

 three genera, the literature of especial interest regarding them be- 

 ing as follows: Redtenbacher, 1891; Blatchley, 1893, 1903; Scud- 

 der, 1898b; McNeill, 1900a ; Hancock, 1904, 1911; Karney, 191:',; 

 Rehn & Hebard. l!Ur>a, 191 5b, 191(5. 



KEY TO EASTERN GENKRA OF CONCI- I'll ALI N.-'E. 



a. Cerci of males more or less curved, swollen at middle or base and 



bearing a single tooth; tegmina present in both sexes. 

 b. Prosternal spines rather long cylindrical, slender; ovipositot 

 stouter, usually distinctly falcate or upcurved; tegmina fully 

 developed, surpassing abdomen in all our species; body more 

 robust, usually more than IS mm. in length. 



I. ORCHELIMUM. p. 535. 



bb. Prosternal spines very short or wholly wanting; ovipositor slen- 

 der, straight or nearly so; tegmina usually abbreviated, shorter 

 than abdomen in most species; body more slender, usually less 

 than 17 mm. in length. II. CONOCEPHALUS. p. 562. 



fl. Cerci of males long, slender, subcylindrical or subdepressed and with 

 both a post-median lateral and a basal dorsal tooth; tegmina and 

 wings absent or the former concealed, in female, tegmina present 

 but very short in male. III. ODONTOXIPHIDIUM, p. 584. 



