64 IUUT1SH OBTHOl'TERA. 



away in a narrow crevice during daylight, or should 

 it be disturbed in the course of its midnight revels. 



Another point is the well-developed pronotum, 

 which (besides often affording the means of differ- 

 entiating species) serves as an efficient protection for 

 the fore part of the body, just as the elytra, when 

 present, may do for the hinder part (fig. 10). In 

 ordinary circumstances the head is bent under the 

 pronotum, so that the front of the face is turned 



a 



10. Pronota of males of a, Ectobius lapponicus Linnaeus ; b, Ectobius 

 perspicillaris Herbst ; c, Ectobius panzeri Stephens (magnified). 



downwards. Though the head is usually thus hidden, 

 and the face is inclined downwards, it can be turned 

 upwards and outwards, till the mouth-parts project 

 considerably forward. Two small areas close to the 

 eyes and to the insertion of the antennae, of a paler 

 colour than the parts around, and frequently mem- 

 branous in structure, are called fenestrae. In the 

 males of some species they are replaced by ocelli. 



FIG. 11. Mid-leg- of Periplaneta australasise Fabricius, to illustrate 

 the highly developed coxa and the spines on the femur and tibia 

 (x abt. 3). 



t 



On glancing at the ventral surface we are at once 

 confronted with two other striking points in cockroach 

 anatomy- -the enormous development of the coxae of 

 all the legs, and the spiny armament of the tibiae 

 (fig. 11). 



In recent cockroaches the elytra and wings almost 

 always differ considerably in both shape and texture. 



