ORCHARD LIFE. 177 



viduals being females. As these females reproduce 

 without pairing, they are termed agamic (a-gam'ic]. 

 (The word agamic is from two Greek words, mean- 

 ing without marriage.) The two forms are designated 

 as the wingless agamic form and the winged agamic 

 form respectively ; the latter is often called the mi- 

 grating form. 



4. Collect specimens of the following forms of the 

 species that you are studying, and preserve them in 

 alcohol:- -Full-grown wingless agamic females, 

 nymphs of the wingless agamic form, winged agamic 

 females, and nymphs of the winged agamic form. 



5. Generally on the setting in of cold weather, or 

 in some cases on the failure of nourishment, the 

 weather being still warm, there is produced a gen- 

 eration including individuals of both sexes. These 

 are known as the sexual forms. The males may be 

 either winged or wingless, but these true females 

 are always wingless. The sexual forms pair, and 

 the female produces one or more eggs. It is in 

 the egg state that the species usually pass the win- 

 ter. 



6. In the autumn watch for the appearance of the 

 sexual forms and for eggs. 



7. Study the agamic forms, and note if there is a 

 pair of tubes on the back of the sixth abdominal seg- 

 ment. Sometimes these are represented by tubercles 

 and sometimes they are wanting. 



8. It has been generally believed that through 

 these tubes or tubercles the sweet, transparent fluid, 

 which is known as honey-dew, is excreted. But it 

 has been recently discovered that the honey-dew 

 comes from the hind opening of the alimentary 



