TYPE TRACUEATA. 527 



8. Order Rhynchota. Abdomen without cerci ; basal portion of 



anterior wings chitinous, posterior wings and tips of anterior 

 membranous, or else both membranous, the anterior the larger, 

 or both wanting ; mouth-parts piercing and sucking ; metamor- 

 phosis incomplete. 



Anterior wings chitinous at base (Hemiptera). Anasa, Notonecta, 

 Belostoma, Ranatra, Hydrometra, Halobates, Cimex, Pediculus 

 (wings wanting in the last two). 



Anterior wings both membranous (Homoptera). Cicada, Aspidi- 

 otus, Daetylopius, Pemphigus, Aphis (wings may be wanting 

 in the last three). 



9. Order Coleoptera. Abdomen without cerci ; anterior wings chi- 



tinous, covering in the posterior when at rest ; mouth-parts 

 biting ; metamorphosis complete. 



(a) Tarsi of four joints, one of them very small (Cryptote- 



tramera). Coccinella. 



(b) Tarsi of five joints, one of which is very small (Cryptopen- 



tamera). Curculionida?, Clytus, Saperda, Monohainmits, 

 Doryphora. 



(c) Tarsi of posterior legs four-jointed, of two anterior pairs 



five-jointed (Heteromera). Meloe, Lytta. 



(d) Tarsi all five-jointed and all the joints of equal size 



(Pentamera). Lampyris, Elateridae, Melolontha, Necro- 

 phorus, Staphylinidae, Hydrophilus, Gyrinus, Bra- 

 chinus, Harpalus, Carabus, Calosoma, Cicindela. 



10. Order Neuroptera. Abdomen without cerci; wings membranous, 



richly veined with numerous cross-veins ; mouth-parts biting ; 

 metamorphosis complete. Corydalis, Chrysopa, Nt/rmeleon. 



11. Order Panorpata. Abdomen sometimes with cerci ; wings mem- 



branous with few cross- veins ; mouth-parts biting, at end of 

 cylindrical rostrum ; metamorphosis complete. Panorpa. 



12. Order Trichoptera. Abdomen without cerci ; wings covered with 



hairs or scales, posterior ones larger and folded fanlike when 

 at rest ; mouth-parts sucking ; metamorphosis complete. Phry- 

 ganea, Anabolia. 



13. Order Lepidoptera. Abdomen without cerci ; wings covered with 



scales, not folded when at rest, though they may overlap; mouth- 

 parts usually sucking ; metamorphosis complete. 



Small forms (Mirrolepidoptera). Tinea, Carpocapsa, Pyralidse. 



Larger forms (Macrolepidoptera). Geometridae, Clisiocampa, 

 Orgyia, Telea, Pieris, Vanessa, Papilio. 



14. Order Hymenoptera. Abdomen without cerci ; wings membra- 



nous, without scales, not folded ; mouth-parts biting and lap- 

 ping ; metamorphosis complete. 



Ovipositor retractile with poison-gland (Aculeata}. Apis, Bom- 

 bus, Vespa, Cainponotus, Formica. 



