INSECTS INJURIOUS TO AGRICULTURE. 213 



eight to ten inches from its birth-place. It is notorious 

 that this borer will kill both old and young living trees. 



REMEDIES. In late summer arid autumn the bark should be care- 

 fully examined for the gashes made by the beetle in laying its eggs, 

 and the small grubs cut out of the bark or sap-wood. Young trees 

 should also be scraped and soaped, and the trunk at base be sur- 

 rounded by tarred paper to prevent the female beetle laying her 

 eggs. 



The Coddling-moth (Carpocapsa pomoneUa Linn.). Be- 

 sides the canker-worm and tent-caterpillar, which are locally 

 destructive, the universal pest of the apple-orchard through- 

 out the United States, from Maine to California, is this in- 

 sect. In the Northern States the moth flies in May, laying 

 its eggs in the calyx after the blossoms fall, and in a few 



FIG. 258. Coddling-moth. a, worm-eaten apple; b, point at which the egg is 

 laid, and at which the young worm entered; d. pupa; e, full-grown worm; /(, 

 its head; /, g, moth; i, cocoon. After Riley. 



days the larva hatches, burrowing into the core, when in 

 three weeks it becomes of full size, being a pale whitish 

 caterpillar nearly an inch in length. As the result of its 

 work, the apple prematurely falls to the ground, when the 

 worm deserts it. It then usually creeps up the trunk of 



