CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 55 



Order 3. Orthoptera Wings net- veined; fore wings narrow, 

 straight, not often used in flight; hind wings large, and folded when 

 at rest under the first pair; metamorphosis incomplete; pupa active. 

 (Caloptenus, Locusta, Phaneroptera, Acheta ) 



Order 4. Platyptera. Body usually flattened; pronoturn usually 

 large and square; often wingless. (Mallophaga or bird-lice, Perla, 

 Psocus, white ants.) 



Order 5. Odonata. Prothorax small; remainder of the thorax 

 spherical; both pairs of wings of nearly the same size, net- veined. 

 Larva and pupa aquatic; labium of the larva forming a large mask. 

 (Agrion, Libellula.) 



Order 6. Plectoptera. Mouth-parts nearly obsolete; wings net- 

 veined, hinder pair small, sometimes wanting; abdomen ending in 

 three filaments. Larvae aquatic, with large jaws, and with gills on 

 the sides of the hind body. (Ephemera.) 



Order 7. Thysanoptera. Mouth-parts forming a short conical 

 sucker; palpi present; wings narrow, not veined, fringed; feet 

 bulbous at the end, without claws. (Thrips.) 



Order 8. Hemiptera. Mouth-parts forming a sucking beak; pro- 

 thorax usually large; fore wings often thickened at base; pupa 

 active. (Coreus, Cimex, Anna, Peutatoma, Cicada, Coccus, Aphis.) 



SERIES II. Metabola, or with a complete metamorphosis. 



Order 9. Neuroptera. Wings net-veined; mouth-parts free, 

 adapted for biting; ligula large, rounded; pronotum large and 

 square. Larvae often aquatic. (Corydalus, Chrysopa, Myrmeleon ) 



Order 10. Mecaptera. Wings somewhat net- veined, or absent; 

 head lengthened into a beak-like projection. Larvae like caterpillars. 

 (Panorpa, Boreus.) 



Order 11. Trichoptera. Wings and body like those of Tineid 

 moths; mandibles obsolete in the imago. Larvae usually aquatic, 

 living in cases. (Phryganea.) 



Order 12. Coleoptera. Fore wings thick, ensheathing the hinder 

 pair, which are alone used in flight; mouth-parts free, adapted for 

 biting; metamorphosis complete. (Doryphora, Prionus, Lucanus, 

 Harpalus, Cicindela.) 



Order 13. Siphonaptera. Wingless; mouth-parts adapted for suck- 

 ing. Larvae maggot-like, but with a well-developed head and 

 mouth-parts. (Pulex.) 



Order 14. Diptera. Only two wings; mouth-parts adapted for 

 lapping and sucking; a complete metamorphosis. (Musca, CEstrus, 

 Syrphus, Cecidomyia, Tipula, Culex.) 



Order 15. Lepidoptera. Body and wings covered with scales; 

 maxillae lengthened into a very long tongue; larvae (caterpillars) 

 with abdominal legs. (Tinea, Geometra, Noctua, Bombyx, Sphinx, 

 Papilio.) 



Order 16. Hymenoptera. Wings clear, with few veins; mouth- 

 parts with a variety of functions, i.e., biting, lapping liquids, etc. 

 In the higher families the thorax consists of four segments, the first 

 abdominal segment of the larva being transferred to the thorax in 

 the pupa and imago. Metamorphosis complete. (Tenthredo, Cyuips, 

 Ichneumon, Sphex, Vespa, Apis.) 



