ORDER COLEOPTERA. 



105 



and cities. There are in _all from 8000 to 10,000 species of this 

 family. 



Family Cerambycidse. The longicorns are recognized by their 

 usually long antennae, by their large, broad heads, usually ver- 

 tical, and distinct tibial spurs. While the Chrysornelidae devour the 

 leaves, the trunks of trees are tunnelled and finally destroyed by the 

 larvae of this family, called borers. The beetles themselves are 

 remarkable for their large size, rich colors, and elegant forms. Over 

 7500 species are known, the most beautiful being from the tropics. 



j. 103 Larva of Monohammus confu- 

 sor. a, top; 6, side view, natural size ; 

 d, upper, c, under, side of the head, en- 

 larged; e, side,/, under side, of pupa. 



FIG. 104. The beetle in its 

 cell in a piece of planed 

 plank. 



Beginning with Saperda, we recall the apple-tree borer, S. Candida 

 Fabr., which destroys living, especially young, apple-trees, the 

 female laying her eggs by making gashes in the bark near the roots, 

 the larva boring upwards into the wood, as it increases in size with 

 age. Oncideres cinguldtus (Say) places its eggs in small branches of 

 hickory, etc., then gnawing through the bark below, so that the 

 branch afterwards becomes broken off by the wind. 



