ORDER LEPIDOPTERA. 



153 



FIG. 186. Vagabond Crambus. a, larva; 6, tube; c, cocoon in the ground; d, f, 

 moth; ?, wing of a lighter specimen all natural size; g, egg, enlarged. 



Family Phalaenidse (Geometri&e). The geometrids, measuring- or 

 span-worms, are at once known 

 by their looping gait, clue to the 

 absence of the two front pairs 

 of abdominal legs, so that in 

 walking the body is arched up- 

 wards; when motionless they 

 resemble twigs aiid stems of 

 the trees they inhabit. The 

 moths have slender bodies and 

 very broad wings, with usually 

 pectinated antenna?; the palpi 

 are short and slender, and the 

 tongue short and weak. When 

 about to pupate, the caterpil- 

 lars often spin an open loose FIG. 187. Eudalimia subsignaria. 

 cocoon, but where the insect 



hyberuates in the pupa state, as the canker-worm, it buries it- 

 self in the ground; a few hang naked and suspended by the tail. 



FIQ. 188. Spring canker-worm, a, male moth; 6, wingless female, natural 

 size; b, egg; a, larva; c, side, rf, top, of a segment. After Riley. 



The pupse are rather smooth and slender, either pale brown and 



