6 ENTOMOLOGY. 



narrow, and to them the leg is inserted by three pieces, 

 called respectively coxa, trochantine, and trochanter (see 

 Fig. 2), the latter forming a true joint of the leg. 



The legs consist of five well-marked joints, the femur 

 (thigh), tibia (shank), and tarsus (foot), the latter consist- 

 ing in the locust of three joints, the third bearing two large 

 claws with a pad between them. The hind legs, especially 

 the femur and tibia, are very large, adapted for hopping. 



The sternum is broad and large in the middle and hind 

 thorax, but small and obscurely limited in the prothorax, 

 with a large conical projection between the legs. 



The head in the adult locust is mainly composed of a sin- 

 gle piece called the epicranium (Figs. 2 and 3, E), which 

 carries the compound eyes, ocelli, or simple eyes (Fig. 3, 

 o), and antennae. While there are in real- 

 ity four primary segments in the head of 

 all winged insects, corresponding to the 

 four pairs of appendages in the head, the 

 posterior three segments, after early em- 

 bryonic life in the locust, become obsolete, 

 and are mainly represented by their ap- 

 pendages and by small portions to which the 

 appendages are attached. The epicranium 

 represents the antennal segment, and 



FiG.3. Front view of 



the head of c. spre- mostly corresponds to the tergum of the 



tus. E, epicrani- J __ 1 l , 



um; c, ciypeus; L, segment. The antennae, or feelers, are m- 

 ^ey U eTaante C n e na; serted in front of the eyes, and between 

 them is the anterior ocellus, or simple eye, 

 ri while the two posterior ocelli are situated 



la r bia]i al palpus 1 ^ above the insertion of the antennae. In 

 Kingsieyde*. front of the epicranium is the ciypeus 



(Fig. 3), a piece nearly twice as broad as long. To the 

 ciypeus is attached a loose flap, which covers the jaws when 

 they are at rest. This is the upper lip or labrum (Fig. 3). 

 There are three pairs of mouth-appendages: first, the true 

 jaws or mandibles (Fig. 1), which are single-jointed, and 

 are broad, short, solid, with a toothed cutting and grinding 



