16 



ENTOMOLOGY. 



ganglion arise three pairs of nerves, which are distributed to 

 the mandibles, maxillae, and labium. The mandibular nerves 

 project forward and arise from the anterior part of the 

 ganglion, near the origin of the supra-oesophageal commis- 



FIG. 11. A Carabus beetle in the act of walking or running. Three legs (,, 

 J? 2 , L 3 ) are directed forward, while the others (7?,, i, 2 , 7? 3 ), which are directed 

 backward toward the tail, have ended their activity, a b, c d, and e f are 

 curves described by the end of the tibiae and passing back to the end of the 

 body; b h, d i, a.ndfg are curves described by the same legs during their pas- 

 sive change of position. After Graber. 



sures, while the maxillary and labial nerves are directed 

 downward into those organs. 



The sympathetic ganglia are three in number; one situ- 

 uated just behind the supra-cesophageal ganglion (Fig. 8, 



