ORDER PLATYPTERA. 63 



Family Phasmidae The walking-sticks or spectres, represented 

 by our DinpJieromera fetnoratmn Say, which resemble twigs, are very 

 slender, with more or less cylindrical bodies 

 and long legs; their wings are either want- 

 ing or rudimentary, or if developed, strik- 

 ingly leaf-like, as in the leaf-insect (Fig. 48, 

 Phyllium sicci folium Linn.). 



Family Acrydiidae. Locusts have short 

 antennae, and the body is laterally com- 

 pressed; the ears are at the base of the hind 

 body, while the ovipositor is short. (Edi- 

 poda Carolina (Linn.), Caloptenus spret"*, 

 and C. fcmitr-r libra m. 



Family Locustidae. Body compressed; 

 but the antennae very long and slender, 

 while the ovipositor is very large and sabre- 

 shaped. Some forms, as Ceuthophilus, are FIG. 48. Lpaf-insect, Phyl- 

 wingless. The large green grasshoppers Hum. Half natural size, 

 represent this group, of which the katydid and its allies (Phanerop- 

 tera curvicauda, De Geer) are familiar examples. Certain forms close- 

 ly resemble leaves. 



Family Gryllidse. In the crickets the body is somewhat flattened 

 vertically, or it may be more or less cylindrical, and the abdomen 

 ends in a pair of long stylets. The mole-cricket, Gryllotalpa boreulis 

 Burm., burrows in moist earth. The tree-cricket ((EcantJius niveus 

 Serville) makes a loud shrilling noise by rubbing the upper on the 

 under wings, and injures raspberry-bushes and other shrubs by laying 

 its eggs in the twigs. 



ORDER IV. PLATYPTERA* (White Ants, etc.}. 



This group comprises the bird-lice, Psocidae, stone-flies 

 (Perlidse), and the white ants. In all except the Psocidge 



* SELECTED WORKS. 

 Platyptera in general. 



Hagen, H. A. Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America (Smith, 

 lust. 1861). 



Packard, A. S. (External anatomy, in third report U. S. Ent. Com- 

 mission, 1883, pp. 292, 322, with plates.) 



a. Mallophaga. 



Denny, H. Monographia Anoplurorum Britanniae (London, 1862). 

 Grosse, F. Beitruge zur Kenntuiss der Mallophagen (Zeits. f. Wissen. 



Zool., xlii., 1885, 530. Abstract by G. McCloskey in Amer. Nat., 



1886, 340). 

 Melnikow, N. Beit rage zur Embryonalentwicklung der Insekten 



(Archivf. Naturg., xxxv., 1869). 



