ORDER DIPTERA. 135 



Family Orphnephilidae. Orphnephila testacca Ruthe. 



Family Chironomidae. Body very slender ; antennae plumose; 

 larvae aquatic, slender-bodied, often blood-red. A species of Cera- 

 topogon is the midge, the " Simulium notivum" of Harris. Tanypus 

 annulatus Say, CMronomus nivoriundus Fitch. 



Family Culicidae. In the mosquitoes the females have the mouth 

 parts very long and slender, and highly developed, while the mandi- 

 bles of the males, ending like a paddle, are not adapted for piercing; 

 the hypopharynx is perforated at the end for the exit of the 

 poison, the opening connecting, according to McCloskie, with a 

 duct leading from the poison-glands in the prothorax. The wings 



FIG. 163 A, larva; B, pupa; a, end of B of mosquito. Burgess del. C, Head 

 and mouth-parts of mosquito; e, eye; a, autennae; Ibr, labrum-; h, hypopha- 

 rynx; m, mandibles; mx, maxillae; mxp, maxillary palpus; Ib, labium; c, 

 clypeus. After Dimmock. 



are fringed, and the veins covered with scales. The larvae are 

 aquatic, breathing by a respiratory tube (c) at the end of the body 

 and bearing a tuft of bristles, while the pupa? are aided in swimming 

 by two broad thin paddle-like caudal appendages, and respire by two 

 thoracic tubes (d). The larva of Corethra is beautifully transparent, 

 thus escaping destruction by its enemies, and when quiet rests in a 

 horizontal position. Culex ciliatus Fabr. 



Family Blepharoceridae. Body long and slender, like a large mos- 

 quito in general appearance; wings broad, but naked. The larvae 

 are of remarkable shape, and at first do not look like those of a fly, 

 since the body is divided into six divisions somewhat like an Asellus, 

 or water sow-bug. They adhere to smooth rocks in swift streams 

 by six s\*ckers arranged in a line along the under side of the body, 

 and breathe by rive pairs of fllamental gills. The pup* are flat be- 

 neath, with two sets of club-shaped breathing appendages situated 

 on the thorax. There are, moreover, two kinds of females, one 

 being like the male, not sucking blood. Bleplutrocera fasciata West- 

 wood is native to this country, and Paltostoma torrenlium Miiller to 

 Brazil. 



Family Bibionidse. Prothorax much developed; wings without a 

 discal cell; coxie not prolonged. Larvae cylindrical, often injuring 

 lawns from feeding on the roots of grass. Bibio alMpennis Say. 



Family Simulidae! Body short and thick; head bent under the 



