ORDER HYMENOPTERA. 



161 



Larva long, cylindrical, with spines or fleshy processes. Pupa sus- 

 pended freely by the tail, stout, either smooth and rounded, or 

 angular in outline. This is by far the largest group of butterflies. 

 Ageronia feronia Linn., a Brazilian butterfly, also an inhabitant of 

 Mexico, according to Darwin makes a clicking sound while on the 

 wing. Dione vanillw (Linn.) inhabits Florida, the Gulf States, and 

 extends across the continent to southern California. The species of 

 Argynnis (ex. A. aphrodite Fabr.) are notable for the silvery spots 



FIG. 203. Polygonia progne. Natural size. 

 Under surface on right side. 



FIG. 204. CEneis semidea. 

 Natural size. 



on the under side of the hind wings. Allied to them are the species 

 of Melitoea (M. phaeton Drury). In Vanessa (V. antiopa Linn.) and 

 Polygonia (P. progne Cramer) the outer edges of the wings are 

 notched. The highest of the butterflies appear to be the species 

 of Heliconia, of Cercyonis (C. afape Fabr.), and the interesting arctic 

 and alpine genus CEneis (0. semidea Say). 



OEDER XVI. HYMENOPTERA* (Saw-flies, Gall-flies, Ichneu- 

 mons, Ants, Wasps, and Bees}. 



In order to perceive the distinctive features of this exten- 



* SELECTED WORKS. 



Aaron, S. F. The North American Chrysididse (Trans. Amer. Ent. 

 Soc., 1885). 



Blake, C. A. Monograph of the Mutillidre of North America (Trans. 

 Amer. Ent. Soc., xiii., 1886). 



Cheshire, F. R. Bees and bee-keeping. I. Scientific (Anatomy of 

 the honey-bee). (London, 1886.) 



Cresson, E. T. Synopsis of the Hymenoptera of America, north of 

 Mexico (Philadelphia, 1887). Also papers on Ichneumon idae, bees, 

 etc., in Proc. Phil. Acad. Sc., and Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Cana- 

 dian Entomologist, Proc. Bos. Soc. 1863. 



Forel, A. Les Fourtnis de la Suisse (Geneva, 1874). 



Howard, L. 0. (Articles on Chalcids in reports and Bull, of U. S. 

 Entomologist, 1879-1888.) 



A generic synopsis of the hymenopterous family Proctotrupidaa 



(Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., xiii., 1886). 



Lepelletier, St. Fargeau et Brulle. Histoire naturelles des insectes 

 hymenopteres (Suites a Buffou, i.-iv. Paris, 1836-45). 



Lulrt>ock, J. Ants, Bees, and Wasps (New York, 1882). 

 (Continued on nc.rf page.) 



