600 GASTROPODA. [Pulmonata. 



little raised, but as growth proceeds they are much raised, becoming 

 undulating, and very often tubercled by pronounced concentric grooves 

 representing periods of rest ; they are usually not, or very little, 

 projecting at the margin ; on the right side, above the groove, the 

 ribs are much more distant. Colour brown, the ribs bluish-white, but 

 usually the shells are much corroded and of a brownish-grey colour ; 

 interior with the central area light brown, flesh-colour to orange, 

 generally with a few irregular dark-brown blotches ; oiitside the 

 muscle-scar there is a whitish band, the margin brown, sometimes 

 with white underneath the ribs. Apex posterior, a little to the left, 

 slightly uncinate ; posterior and left slope straight or a little concave, 

 the others slightly convex. Inside polished, the siphonal groove 

 shallow and very broad ; frontal mantle-scar convex, very distinct ; 

 outside the muscle-scar the shell is mostly strengthened by a thick 

 callosity. Margin sharp, denticulated and grooved inside. 



Diameter, 25-5 mm. ; length, 41 mm. ; height, 13 mm. Diameter, 

 36 mm. ; length, 56 mm. ; height, 20 mm. (large specimen). 



Animal dark blue-black, sole of the foot yellowish. 



Anatomy (Hutton, T.N.Z.I., xv. 141. pi. 17, f. A-D). Jaw arcuate, 

 expanded at each end, with about 5 rounded ribs in the centre ; anterior 

 margin papillate, the rest smooth. Formula of radula 258 x 68 + 1 + 68 ; 

 the teeth very much like those of S. australis. A. J. Cottrell, T.N.Z. L, 

 xliii, 582, pi. 28, 29 ; xliv, 374, figs, in text. 



Type in the British Museum. 



Hab From Cook Strait southward Stonyhurst, Sumner, Banks 

 Peninsula. Timaru. Dunedin ; Chatham Islands ; Auckland Islands. 



4. Siphonaria zelandica, Quoy and Gaimard, 1833. Plate 24, 

 fig. 8. 



Siphonaria zelandica, Q. & G., Voy. Astrol., ii. 1833. 344, pi. 25, f. 17, 18 ; 

 C.M.M., 55 ; Grit. List, 39 ; J. do Couch., 1878, 41 ; T.N.Z.I., xv, 143. 

 S. cancer, Reeve : Hutton. C.M.M., 55 ; J. de Conch., 1878, 41 ; 

 M.N.Z.M., 3(i ; Watson, Chall. Rep., xv, 674 ; not of Reeve. S. scutcl- 

 lum, Desh., C.M.M., 55 ; not of Deshayes. S. sipho, Sowerby, M.N.Z.M., 

 36; not of Sowerby. S. inculta, Gould, P. Bost. S.N.H., ii, 1846, 153; 

 U.S. Expl. Exp., xii, 358, f. 465. 



Shell very variable in form, ovate-oblong to semicircular, conoidal 

 to almost quite flat, with more or less numerous sharply elevated 

 radiate ribs. Sculpture consisting of numerous radiate ribs, of which 

 10 to 16 (usually 14) are primary, much larger than the others, and 

 descending from the apex to the margin, where they are mostly more 

 or less projecting ; a strong bifurcating rib marks the siphonal groove, 

 and is separated by a considerable space from the next primary ribs ; 

 interspaces usually with 1, on the right side with several, smaller and 

 shorter secondary riblets ; the primary ribs may be rounded and 

 undulating, or sharply raised, straight ; growth-periods often render 

 the ribs slightly tubercled. Colour ash-brown, the ribs sometimes 



