Spirula.] CEPHALOPODA. 1047 



Genus 1. SPIRULA, Lamarck, 1799. 



s/iirnlii. Lamarck, Mem. Soc. H.N., Paris, 1799, 80. Type : Nmttiln* 

 spirula, Linne. Lituina, Link, 1806. Lituus, Gray, 1849. 



Animal as described in the family characters. Three pairs of 

 ordinary, short arms spring from little more than the dorsal half of 

 the branchiferous part of the head ; the. fourth pair of arms, sexually 

 modified, without acetabula. 



Three species have been described, but they cannot be distinguished 

 by the shell alone. 



Spirula is not pelagic, but an inhabitant of rather deep water. 

 It belongs to a few principal centres : (1) Between Australia and 

 New Zealand ; (2) Banda Sea ; (3) West Indies ; (4) north-west of 

 Africa, between Madeira and Canaries. 



1. Spirula spirula, Linne, 1758. Plate 63, fig. 17 ; Plate 69, fig. 5. 



Nautilus spirula, L., Syst. Nat., ed. x, 1758, 710. Spirula .spirula, L. : 

 Hedley, Bulletin Colon. Mus., i, 48. S. fragilis, Lam., Syst. A.s.V., 

 1801, 102 ; Gray, Dieff. N.Z., 262. 8. prototype, Peron, Voy. Terr. 

 Austral., 1804, pi. 30, f. 4. 8. australis, Lam., Encycl. Metbi., 181ti, 

 pi. 465, f. 5 ; Pritchard and Gatliff, P.R.S. Vic. (n.s.), x, 244. 8. Peronii, 

 Lam., A.s.V., vii, 1822, 601; Crit. List, 17; M.N.Z.M., 4; Man. Conch. 

 (1), i, 1879, 205, pi. 96, f. 467-69, pi. 105, f. 585; Chall. Rep., 

 xvi, 20, 122 ; Brazier, Cat. A.M., No. 15, 10. Lituus Icevis, Gray, 

 Ceph. Antep., Brit, Mus., 1849, 116. Spirula, Icevis, Gray, C.M.M., 4. 

 S. Peronii, Lam. S. australis, Lam. (= Icevis, Gray). 8. reticulata, Owen 

 (= vulgar is, Leach), Huxley and Pelseneer, Report on Spirula, Chall. 

 Rep., pt. 83, 1895. 



Shell nacreous, calcareous, cylindrical, conical, tapering, involute on 

 the same plane, the whorls separate from each other, and chambered ; 

 septa concave outwards, with a shelly funnel-shaped siphon on the 

 inner side, traversing each cell without communicating with each other. 



Diameter of the shell, about 20 mm. 



Hob. The shell is found scattered by thousands on the shores of 

 New Zealand, but the animal is very rare indeed. One perfect specimen 

 was collected by Earl, and figured by Mrs. Gray in A.M.N.H. 



Fain. ARCHITBUTHIDJE, Hoyle. 



Animals of gigantic size, mantle 2 to 3 metres in length ; tentacle 

 with a fixing-apparatus consisting of alternating pads and suckers 

 extending along the stem ; pen feather-shaped, with a terminal cone ; 

 siphon al articulation unknown. 



Genus 1. ARCHITEUTHUS, Steenstrup, 1857. 



Architeuthus, Steenstrup, Skandin. Naturf. Fb'rhandl., vii, 1857, 182-85. 

 Type: A. dux, Stp. Megaloteuthis, Kent, 1874. Dinoteuthis. More, 1875. 

 Mouchezia, Velain, 1877. Megateuthus, Hilgendorf, 1880. Plectoteuthis, 

 Owen, 1881. Steenstrupia, T. W. Kirk, 1882. 



Size large, body cylindrical or spindle-shaped, mostly much nar- 

 rowed posteriorly. Fins terminal, rhomboidal, belonging to the pos- 



