ParyptuuttH. j GASTROPODA. 783 



under the shade of hinau-trees, where they lie very close generally, in a 

 small depression in the ground, and underneath the dry leaves an<l 

 rubbish. 



Brazier mentions the fact that the shells are splintered into pieces 

 by the heat in Sydney (P.L.S. N.S.W., x, 695). 



Var. obscura, Beutler, 1901. 



Prtryphanta Hochstetteri obscura, Beutler, Zool. Jahrbiicher, Aiiat., xiv. 

 pt. 3, 1901, 369 ; Suter, J. Mai., xii, 72 ; Travers, T.N.Z.I., xxvii, 224 ; 

 Buller, ibid., 670. 



This variety differs from the species in the constantly smaller size, 

 the dark-brown to black colour of the base, the upper surface being 

 usually of a lighter brown tint. Whorls 5|, the last generally rapidly 

 descending in front. Umbilicus about the same width as in the species. 



Diameter Maj., 48 mm. ; min., 42 mm. : height, 27 mm. 



Anatomy (Beutler, I.e., pi. 26-29). The formula of the radula is 

 59 + 1 + 59. Beutler's paper is exhaustive and excellent. He comes 

 to the conclusion that Paryphanta stands nearer to Testacella than to 

 Daudcbardia, and that a relatively large shell is the primary step in 

 the phylogenetic development of the Pulmonaia, whilst a relatively 

 small shell has to be considered as a secondary phenomenon. Accord- 

 ing to investigations undertaken by Collinge, there is no difference in 

 the anatomy between this variety and the species. 



Hob. Manawatu and Waikanae districts ; Stephen Island ; Oolling- 

 wood district ; Takaka Valley. 



Remark.- Intermediate forms occur, as was shown by Sir W. 

 Buller. 



5. Paryphanta lignaria, Hutton, 1888. Plate 32, fig. 12. 



Paryphanta lignaria, Hutton, T.N.Z.I., xx, 1887 (1888), 43 ; xxxii, 22, pi. 2 : 

 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1894, pi. 1, f. 1-3 : Hedley and Suter, 

 P.L.S. N.S.W. (2), vii, 629 : Suter, J. de Conch., xli, 288. 



Shell large, subdiscoidal, umbilicated, rather thin and flexible, 

 brown, shining. Sculpture consisting of radial plaits and growth-lines, 

 advancing from the suture, thence strongly curved and retractive, 

 almost straight on the base ; there are traces of fine spiral striae on the 

 upper surface. Colour yellowish-brown or luteous, irregularly banded 

 in the direction of the growth-lines with dark reddish-brown and pale 

 brownish-yellow ; the initial whorl pale ; aperture inside bluish-white. 

 Spire slightly elevated, obtuse, its angle varying from 125 to 135. 

 Whorls 5 to 5|, rather slowly increasing, slightly convex ; periphery 

 and base rounded. Suture impressed. Aperture transverse, oval. 

 Peristome thin, the upper margin oblique, slightly undulated near the 

 suture. Umbilicus the same as in P. Hochstetteri. 



Diameter, about 50 mm. 



Animal unknown, no live specimens having been found. 



