Turbo.} GASTROPODA. 



Hob. - - Throughout New Zealand, common on rocks and sea- 

 weeds between tide-marks. Kandavu, Fiji, on reefs (" Challenger ' 

 Exped.). Brought to England by Captain Cook. 



Fossil in the Pliocene. 



Vernacular name. Cat's-eye shell. 



Maori. Akanakana (fide Quoy and Gaimard) ; korama (fide 

 Captain Bollons). 



Subgen. 2. MODELIA, Gray, 1840. 

 Type : Turbo granosus. Mart. 



Shell depressed, imperf orate, granulate all over ; operculum with 

 a convex subcentral granular rib and a sharp-edged submarginal 

 keel ; central teeth of radula without a cusp. 



2. Turbo granosus, Martyn, 1784. Plate 40, fig. 8. 



Trochus granosus, Mart., Uu. Conch., i, f. 37. Turbo granosus, Mart., Man. 

 Conch. (1), x, 213. pi. 48, f. 39. T. (Modelia) rubicundus, Chemn. : 

 Reeve, Conch. Icon., fig. 11. Liotia (Arene) Shandi, Button, C.M.M., 35 

 (young shell) ; Suter, T.N.Z.I., xxxviii, 323. 



Shell subglobose, large, rather thin, imperforate, spirally granulose. 

 Sculpture consisting of numerous subequal granose lirse, the upper 

 3 usually more distant and with larger granules, the lower ones closer 

 together with smaller granules, about 12 on the penultimate whorl. 

 Colour pinkish-yellow, unicoloured, or clouded with purplish or brown ; 

 umbilical depression bordered with pink on the outer side. Spire 

 conoidal, with convex outlines, much lower than the height of aper- 

 ture. Protoconch small, depressed, of 2 smooth whorls. Whorls 7, 

 rounded, rapidly increasing, the last large and rounded, but slightly 

 descending ; base convex. Suture not much impressed. Aperture sub- 

 circular, a little oblique, iridescent and lirate within. Outer lip strongly 

 convex, sharp, edged with purple. Columella high, concave, thick, 

 smooth, white, nacreous on the inner side. Inner lip forming a thick 

 white callous layer over the excavated umbilical tract ; a thin, shining, 

 rose - tinted callus covers the parietal wall. Operculum ovate, flat 

 within, with 5 to 6 whorls and subcentral nucleus ; outside white, 

 thick, subgibbous, and minutely tuberculate at centre, subcanaliculate 

 at the periphery. 



Diameter, 50-65 mm. ; height, 40-64 mm. 



Dentition. Hogg, Trans. Micr. Soc., 1866, pi. 11, f. 51. 



Hob. Cook Strait (Dr. Dieffenbach) ; Titahi Bay (Miss Mestayer) ; 

 Bay of Islands ; Lyttelton ; Dunedin ; Preservation Inlet ; Foveaux 

 Strait, in 18 fathoms (Captain Bollons) ; Stewart Island (C. Traill) : 

 Chatham Islands ; Auckland Islands. Brought to England by Captain 

 Cook. 



The species is found from low-water mark to about 20 fathoms, 

 and is mostly covered with a thick layer of Nulliporites. 



Fossil in the Miocene and Pliocene. 



6* 



