"278 GASTROPODA. [Pectinibrancliia. 



Genus 1. XENOPHORA, G. Fischer, 1807. 



Xenophom, G. Fischer, "Museum Demidoff," iii, 1807, 213. Type: A". 

 Icevigata, G. Fischer (Trochus conchyliophonis, Born). Phorus, Mont- 

 fort, 1810. Pseudophonis, Meek. Astr&n, Bolten, 1798 (in part). 



Shell conical, trochiform. concave or flattened below ; whorls 

 broad, commonly carrying pieces of stone, shells, or other objects, 

 which are agglutinated to or imbedded in the upper surface of the 

 shell, sometimes completely hiding it from view ; last whorl com- 

 pressed, keeled at the periphery ; aperture large, oblique, outer 

 margin very oblique and sharp ; umbilicate, narrowly rimate, or 

 imperf orate. Operculum suboval or trapezoidal. 



Devonian to Recent. 



About twenty species are known, and they occur in the Indian 

 and Pacific Oceans, China. Japan, Antilles, Africa, Mediterranean. 



Vernacular Name. Carrier-shell . 



1. Xenophora corrugata, Reeve, 1842. Plate 15, fig. 13. 



Phorus corrugatus, Reeve, P.Z.S., 1842, 163; Conch. Syst., ii, pi. 21-4, 

 f. 5 ; Conch. Icon., i, pi. 2, f. 6. Xenophora corrugata, Reeve, Man. 

 Conch. (1), viii, 159, pi. 45, f. 81, 82; Fischer, Coq. Viv., Trochus, 

 pi. viii. Phorus onustus, Reeve : Button, C.M.M., 31 ; not of Reeve. 

 P. conchyliophonis, Born : von Martens, Errata and Addenda to C.M.M., 

 1874, 2 ; Hutton, J. de Conch., xxvi, 30. Xenophora conchyliophcra, 

 Bom : Hutton, P.L.S. N.S.W., ix, 943 ; not of Born. X. pallidula, 

 Reeve, Index, 79 ; not of Reeve. A', neozclanica, Suter, T.N.Z.I., xl. 

 1907 (1908), 34(i, pi. 26, f. 1, 2. 



Shell large, trochiform, imperforate when adult (young shells being 

 narrowly umbilicated), upper surface almost entirely concealed by 

 agglutinated shells. Sculpture : Strong, oblique, irregular growth- 

 lines are crossed by oblique, flexuous, and sometimes strongly curved 

 stride, directed forward, usually more prominent near the periphery, 

 which in places is produced into long, hollow, and deeply grooved 

 spines, situated between the attached shells ; base with numerous 

 inequidistant and sharp-ridged curved and granose ribs, the interstices 

 with fine threads of growth or almost smooth ; crossed by rather 

 distant spiral ribs, very distinct in young shells, but obsolete or wanting 

 in adult specimens. Colour white or light-yellowish, the ridges upon 

 the base yellowish to reddish-brown. Spire conical ; outlines mostly 

 slightly convex. Protoconch small, conic, of a few convex smooth 

 whorls, polished and white, with marks of agglutination of very small 

 foreign bodies. Whorls about 9-10, first slowly then more rapidly 

 increasing, the last whorl carinated ; base flat, concave towards 

 the periphery. Aperture low and broad, inside porcellanous. highly 

 polished. Outer lip very much produced along the periphery, the 

 upper and outer wall forming a roof, the inside of which is porcel- 

 lanous. Columella short, subvertical, arcuate, continued below into 

 the horizontal, arcuate, sharp, and deflexed basal lip. Inner Up re- 

 flexed over the umbilical tract, forming a thick white and shining 

 callus, and extending in a thin layer over the parietal wall. Oper- 

 subquadrangular, with a long and narrow muscular impression. 



