368 GASTROPODA. [Pectinibrnnrftin. 



tremitv not sinuated ; outer lip simple or thickened and lirate within, 

 slightly convex ; columella smooth, excavated above, twisted with 

 the canal below. Operculum unguiform. with apical nucleus. 



KEY TO (TENBRA. 



A. Canal recurved ; spire nodose or carinated ; outer lip thin or 



but slightly thickened ; columella smooth . . . . SIPHONALIA. 



B. Canal distinctly obliquely recurved ; spire smooth or axially 



costate ; outer lip sinuated above, thickened, striate 



within: columella slightly ridged .. .. .. EFTHRIA. 



Genus 1. SIPHONALIA, A. Adams, 1863. 



tii.phon.alia, A. Ad.. A.M.N.H. (3). xi, 18(53. 202. Neotypc : Bix-n>nn>, 

 cassidariaBform e, Reeve. 



Shell ovately fusiform, rather thin, with a very thin epidermis : 

 spire shorter than the aperture ; last whorl ventricose, shouldered, 

 usually nodosely plicate and spirally ribbed ; aperture large, oval ; 

 outer lip thin ; columella smooth ; canal rather short and twisted. 

 Operculum ovate, nucleus apical. 



This genus is principally of tropical and subtropical distribution : 

 its metropolis is Japan, a few forms being found, however, on the 

 opposite shores of the west coast of North America ; some species 

 also occur in Australasian waters. 



The genus Siphonalia is well represented in the Eocene of Pata- 

 gonia, Chile, and Australia, but it occurs neither Recent nor fossil in 

 North America. It therefore must be considered as a tropical genus 

 of the Indo-European Eocene sea which has not extended its migra- 

 tions to Central or North America. (Von Ihering.) 



Vernacular Xtinic. Spindle-shell. 



KEY TO SUBGEXERA. 



A. Canal short, last whorl carinated . . . . . . SIPHONALIA. 



B. Canal long, last whorl carinated . . . . . . . . PENION. 



C. Canal moderately long, last whorl rounded . . . . AUSTROFUSUS. 



Subgen. 1. SIPHONALIA. s. str. 

 1. Siphonalia nodosa, Marty n, 1784. Plate 44, tig. 17. 



Buccinum nodosum, Mart., Un. (.'ouch., i, 1784, f. o. Siphonalia nodosa, 

 Mart., Man. Conch. (1), iii, 13(5, pi. f>(>, f. 37<>, 377 ; Hutton, T.N.Z.I., 

 xvi, 229; Murdoch and Suter, T.N.Z.I., xxxviii, 202. Buccinum m- 

 phanus, Lam., Vov. Astrol., ii. 428, pi. 31, f. f>, (5. B. triton, Lesson. 

 Rev. Zool., 1841, 37 ; 1842, 237: Hutton, C.M.M., 11. Fusus nodosu*, 

 Mart., Conch. Icon., iv. 1847, f. 41 ; Hutton, C.M.M., 11. Sept-unam 

 nodosa, Mart. : Hutton, M.N.Z.M., .">(). A'M.S-M.S- (N&ptunea) nodosum, 

 Mart., Chall. Rep., xv, 200. 



Shell not large, fusiform, ventricose, shouldered, rather thin, with 

 a short and widely open canal. Sculpture consisting of equidistant 

 unequal spiral Ime, usually with a tine thread in the interspace : on 



