BULL^EA. 293 



the same locality, from the trawlers, of far greater size than 

 the Scotch specimens, hut not alive or -with the animal ; 

 and if any account of it has been published, we have not 

 seen it. 



Many years ago we had a jar of the B. akera sent from 

 Ireland with the animal, which unfortunately was not exa- 

 mined. Miiller and M. Loven follows him has constituted 

 for this species a separate genus, " Akera," with the specific 

 appellation of " bullata" but the only account given of the 

 animal is, that a connate mantle, emitting a long filamentous 

 cirrhus, fills the canaliculated groove of the suture. We 

 apprehend this is a mere specific expansion, and if there are 

 no anatomical characters different from those of the type, this 

 genus may be considered superfluous ; but as the animal is 

 obtainable, we may hope that an account of it will be forth- 

 coming : the Irish examples are far superior in size to the 

 shells of English localities. 



The B. mammillata is assuredly the young of B. cylin- 

 dracea. B. umbilicata and B. obtusa, though common, have 

 not been seen alive by us. Some naturalists have extracted 

 from the former a variety which they call the B. truncatula, but 

 we are confident that the B. umbilicata and its scion are the 

 "truncatula" of Philippi; therefore Montagu's prior appella- 

 tion of "umbilicata" must be adopted. The shells sent us as the 

 B. acuminata of Philippi are, if not the young of Ovulapatula, 

 closely allied to it ; but as they do not agree precisely with his 

 figure, the species may be a distinct Ovula. We have suffi- 

 ciently noticed the B. pruinosa, " catena" and " punctata" 

 which are very elegant and distinct species. Is Mr. Alder's 

 B. quadrata a subglobose variety of the " catena " ? The 

 gizzard of Bullcea scabra being quite similar to that organ in 

 the B. catena, combined with the characteristic chaiiiwork of 

 both, would lead us to suppose that the shell is as much con- 

 cealed as in B. catena, and that it is of the Bullcea aperta type, 

 and not of the Bulla liynaria. 



As for the Bulla hyalina, called by some Amphisphyra, we 

 shall not be surprised if it turns out that the division of the 

 head-disk from the body has been overlooked ; that the scis- 



