THE STUDY OF INSECTS. 



This is the largest of the families of butterflies. It not 

 only surpasses the other families in number of species, but 

 it contains a greater number and variety of striking forms, 

 and also a larger proportion of the species of butterflies 

 familiar to every observer of insects. There may be in any 

 locality one or two species of yellows or of whites more 

 abundant, but the larger number of species commonly ob- 

 served are four-footed butterflies. 



Five subfamilies of the Nymphalidae are represented in 

 our fauna. These can be separated by the following table, 

 which is based on one given by Mr. Scudder : 



A. With none of the veins of the fore wings unusually swollen at the 



base. 

 B. Antennae clothed with scales, at least above. 



C. Fore wings at least twice as long as broad, p. 397. 



HELICONIN^E. 

 CC. Fore wings less than twice as long as broad. 



D. Palpi much longer than the thorax, p. 396. . LIBYTHEJN^E. 

 DD. Palpi not as long as the thorax, p. 398. . . NYMPHALIN/E. 



BB. Antennae naked, p. 397 EUPIXEIN/E. 



AA. With some of the veins of the fore wings greatly swollen at the 

 base. p. 410 , . . SATYRIN^E. 



Subfamily LlBYTHEINyE (Li-byth-e-i'nae). 



The Long-beaks. 



The Long-beaks can be easily recognized by their ex- 

 cessively long, beak-like palpi, which are from one fourth 



to one half as long as the body 

 and project straight forward 

 (Fig. 468). The outer margin 

 of the fore wings is deeply 

 notched ; the males have only 

 four well-developed legs, while 

 . <G&.-Hyfat** tach, H a,iHi. the females have six. 

 Only three species have been found in America north of 

 Mexico ; and of these but one occurs in the Eastern United 

 States. 



