2O2 



ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY 



species of moths of this family, be- 

 longing to several genera. The 

 army-worm (Leucania unipunctd) 

 is another caterpillar which or- 

 dinarily feeds unnoticed on rank 

 grasses, but occasionally becomes 

 very numerous and advances in 

 armies, destroying all crops in its 

 line of march. The fall army-worm 

 (Laphygma frugiperdd) has very 

 similar habits, but is more common 

 in the South and West. Two 



FIG. 317. The dark-sided cutworm 

 (Agrotis messoriii] 



(After Riley) 



of the most serious cotton pests are 

 the leaf worm (Alctia argillacid) 

 and the bollworm (Heliothis obso- 

 letd], although the latter also attacks the ears of corn, tobacco, and 

 green tomatoes throughout the Middle States. A common pest of 



cabbage and lettuce is 

 the cabbage looper (A u- 

 tographa brassicae), a 

 bright green worm with 

 whitish lines, which 

 bores into cabbages 

 much like the common 

 caterpillars of the cab- 

 bage butterfly. It is 

 known as a looper on 

 account of the way in 

 which it 'humps" 

 along, much like a 

 measuring worm, be- 

 cause two pairs of 

 the usual abdominal 



prolegs are lacking. 

 FIG. 318. The cabbage looper ~ r , 



Some of the larger 



a, male moth ; l>, egg shown from above and from side ; . r i r 'i 



c, full-grown larva in natural position, feeding ; </, pupa in SpCClCS < LillS lamiiy, 



cocoon, a, <:, d, one third larger than natural size ; />, more with a win " expanse 

 enlarged. (After Howard and Chittenden, United States 



Department of Agriculture) of from tWO tO three 



