FLIES, MOSQUITOES, AND MIDGES 



235 



FIG. 373. Bots in stomach of a horse ; some removed to show point of attachment 

 (After Osborn, United States Department of Agriculture) 



to their habits. All are alike in having three-segmented antennas 

 bearing a strong bristle near the base, the modifications of which aid 

 in distinguishing the groups. The larvae are typical white or light- 

 colored maggots 

 living within their 

 food, and the pu- 

 paria are usually 

 formed on or in 

 the soil. 



The discovery 

 in recent years 

 that the common 

 house-fly and also 

 many of its near 

 relatives are re- 

 sponsible for the 

 spread of typhoid 

 fever, intestinal 

 diseases of in- 



FIG. 374. Stable-fly (Stomoxys calcitrant}, adult, larva, and 

 puparium. (Enlarged) 



(After Howard, United States Department of Agriculture) 



fants, and possibly other infectious diseases has given new interest 

 to the study of the common flies heretofore considered mere 



