THE BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS 



175 



of silk before pupating. Very few of this group are of any economic 

 importance, though one larva occasionally attacks the calla lily, 



FIG. 261. The tityrus skipper (Epargyrens tityrus}, adult, larva, and leaf-cocoon. 



(Natural size) 

 (After Linville and Kelly) 



and another sometimes injures corn in the Gulf States, perforating 

 the leaves with numerous holes before they unfold. The skippers 

 may be considered as intermediate be- 

 tween the moths and the true butterflies. 



TRUE BUTTERFLIES 



The true butterflies include four well- 

 defined families. 



The swallowtails (Papilionidae) include 

 our common black-and-yellow species, 

 which have the hind-wings prolonged 

 into characteristic tails. The only species 

 of any economic importance is the celery, 

 or parsley, caterpillar (Papilio polyxcnes). The adult is our best- 

 known swallowtail, jet-black with the outer edge of the wings 

 marked with two rows of yellow spots, and a peculiar eyespot on 



FIG. 262. The manataaqua 

 skipper (Pamphila mana- 

 taaqua}, male. (Natural size) 



(After Fiske) 



