CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS 319 



EE. Subcosta and radius of hind-wing not connected by crossbar. 

 F. Moths with heavy abdomens and narrow, strong fore- 

 wings. Prominents. Fig. 443. (Page 193) 



NOTODOXTIDAE 



FF. Moths with narrow, slender abdomens, and broad, deli- 

 cate wings. Fig. 444. (Page 195) . GEOMETRIDAE 

 DD. Fraenulum absent. 



E. Tongue absent ; tibia without spurs. Fig. 440. (Page 2 12) 



Superfamily SATURXOIDEA 1 

 EE. Tongue present ; tibia with spurs. Royal moths. 



CERATOCAMPIDAE 

 BB. Hind-wing with three complete anal veins. 



C. Wings transparent, free from scales. Fore-wings narrow. Clear- 

 winged moths. (Page 192) SESIIDAE 



CC. Wings covered with scales. 



D. Hind-wings with subcosta fused with or approximate to radius. 



Fig. 439. (Page 187) PYRALIDAE 



DD. Hind-wings with subcosta and radius far apart. 



E. Small moths with fringe on inner angle of hind-wing 



unusually long. 



F. Second anal vein of hind-wing forked at base. Leaf- 

 rollers. Fig. 438. (Page 1 86) . . . ToRTRiciDAE 2 

 FF. Second anal vein of hind-wing not forked at base. Leaf- 

 miners. (Page 184) TINEIDAE 



EE. Large or medium-sized moths, without unusual fringe on 



hind-wing. 

 F. Anal veins of fore-wing partially fused. Bag-worm 



moths PSYCHIDAE 



FF. Anal veins of fore-wing not fused. Carpenter moths. 

 (Page 191) COSSIDAE 



KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF HYMENOPTERA 3 



A. Posterior trochanter consisting of two segments ; ovipositor modified into 



a saw, or borer. 

 B. Abdomen broadly joined to thorax. 



C. Tibia of forelegs with two terminal spurs ; female with sawlike 



ovipositor. Saw-flies. (Page 244) .... TEXTHREDINIDAE 



CC. Tibia of foreleg with one terminal spur ; female with ovipositor 



fitted for boring. Horn-tails. (Page 246) .... SIRICIDAE 



BB. Abdomen joined to thorax by slender petiole. 



1 Includes families Bombycidae, Saturniidae. 



2 Includes families Grapholithidae, Conchylidae, and Tortricidae. 



3 Modified from Cresson. 



