494 



COLEOPTERA. 



to the thin portion of bark left to conceal the hole. As quoted 

 by Baron Osten Sacken in an interesting article on the larval 

 forms of some of our native beetles, Erichson states that "not- 

 withstanding the great similitude between the larvae of Longi- 

 corns, some important differences in the structure of those 

 belonging to the four subdivisions of this family may be no- 

 ticed. The larvae of the Lamiidae differ more than the others, 

 on account of the total absence of feet, and the position of the 

 first pair of stigmata which is placed in the fold between 

 the pro- and mesothoracic segments, less abruptly separated 

 than the others. The other larvse have this first pair on the 



sides of the mesothorax, and have feet, 

 which, however, are sometimes so small 

 as to be perceptible only when magni- 

 fied, even in large sized larvae. The 

 Cerarnbj-cidae (Ceramb} r x, Callidium and 

 allies) have, on the posterior side of the 

 prothorax, above and below, a fleshy, 

 transverse fold, separated by a furrow 

 from the horny disc of this segment. 

 In the Prionidae and Lepturida?, the 

 same fold is visible only on the under 

 side. The Lepturue have a large flattened 

 head, as broad as the prothorax, whereas 

 Fig. 477. in the other Longicorn larvae the head is 



small and much narrower than the thorax. The larvse of the 

 Prionidae show the least differences from those of the Lep- 

 turidaa ; and that of Spondylis is remarkably allied to the lat- 

 ter." "The pupa is at first soft and whitish, and it exhibits 

 all the parts of the future beetle under a filmy veil which in- 

 wraps every limb. The wings and legs are folded upon the 

 breast ; the long antennae are turned back against the sides of 

 the body, and then bent forwards between the legs." (Har- 

 ris.) The beetles mostly hide by day and fly by night. 



Parandra brunnea Fabr. is much unlike the remaining genera, 

 being Tenebrio-like in form, with a broad head and short an- 

 tennae, and shining red in color. The larva is described by 

 Osten Sacken as having a yellowish cordate head, with a large 

 prothorax and fleshy tubercles on the upper and under side of 



