AXTHOMKlll S.K -OCEANID.S. HIM 



We distinguish three subfamilies ot" Oceanidae. 



1. Tiarirue. Lips without oral tentacles. Simple unbranched radial-canals. Ten- 



tacles arise separately from the hell-margin and are not grouped in clusters. 



2. Margelinti'. With oral tentacles. Simple, unhranched radial-canals. In some 



genera the marginal tentacles arise singly; in others they are grouped in clusters. 



3. DenJrostaurtnte. Lips without oral tentacles. The radial-canals branch. 



Direct development ot the medusa trom the egg is unknown in this tamilv. The following 

 genera are known to develop through Tubularian hydroids: Stomotoca, Turrn. Podocaryne, 

 Stylactis, Bougainvillia, Neinopsts, Lizzia, and ftillia. 



Medusae are produced asexually upon the interradial sides of the manubrium in ('\tttis, 

 PoJocoryne, Bougainvillia, and Rathkea, In some species of Bougainvillia the eggs undergo 

 part of their development within the ectoderm of the parent medusa, and are discharged as 

 well-developed planulae. In Ntobia the tentacle-bulbs develop into new medusae, and are set 

 free one after another to repeat this process. In H illia and Prohoscidactyla, medusa-huds 

 are produced upon hollow stolons which may arise from the corners ot the stomach at the 

 points ot |uncture with the radial-canals, or from the places where the canals fork, as in P. 

 flavicirrata, var. stolonifera, Maas. 



Haeckel, 1879, describes the gonads ot the Oceanidae as being penadial in position anil on 

 the sides of the stomach in the same sectors with the radial-canals, but Vanhoffen, 1891 (Zool. 

 Anzeiger, Bd. 14), showed that this is an error, for the gonads are almost universally adradial 

 or interradial in position and alternate with the sectors of the radial-canals. 



The specialized conditions displayed by the medusae ot the Oceanidae, such as the corru- 

 gated, folded gonads ot the Tiannae, the clustered marginal tentacles and the oral tentacles of 

 the Margelmae, and the forked radial-canals and other peculiar structures in the Dendro- 

 staurinae.all indicate that the Oceanidae are derived from simpler forms, such as the Codonidae. 

 Indeed, the conditions seen in theOceanidae are largelytoreshadowed in the more differentiated 

 Codonidae and in the Cladonemidae. In common with the Codonidae and Cladonemidae 

 the Oceanidae are derived trom Tubularian hydroids. 



Subfamily TIARINjE Haeckel, 1879. 



(liemnd.r (in part), ESCHSC HOLTZ, 1829, Syst. tier Acalephen, p. <)(>. GK^NBACR, lNcf>, 7.ni. fiir uissrn. /mil., Hd. S,p. 219. 



\mleiffrtF (in part), LKSSON, 1X45, Hist. Nat. Zooph. Acal., p. 28}. 



Tjitridii-, HAF-CKRL, 1879, Syst. der Medusen, p. 40. 



Sfns. reslr,, drlomrrinthiu, VANHO? UK, 1891, Xool. Anzeiger, Bd. 14, p. 44V 



Tiiiriiiit, HARTLAUB, 1892, Nachrichten kgl. Gesell. Wissenschafl. Univ. Gottingen, pp. 19-22; 1907, Nordisihes 1'l.inkton, 



Nr. 12, p. 5. 



.SVfn. restr. t Tiurijcp, MAAS, 1904, Result. Camp. Sci. Prince de Monaco, fasc. iS, |>. ri. 

 Tiilrin.r, VON LENDENPELDj |NS4, X.uol. An/fiytT, Bd. 7, p. 446. 



CHARACTERS OK THF. TIARIN/E. 



Anthomedusae with 4 lips, without oral tentacles. With 4 or more unbranched radial- 

 canals and with simple, hollow, unhranched tentacles which are not grouped in clusters, but 

 arise separately from the bell-margin. With interradial or adradial gonads forming swollen, 

 corrugated regions in the walls of the stomach. 



The following table shows the genera of the Tiarinae. 



1 . Tnhc PROTIARIDI : 



The outer surfaces of the four interradial gonads are smooth. Not corrugated or folded. There are 4 simple lips, 4 r.uii.d- 

 canals, and a ring-canal, 4 or more tentacles. 



Proriara HAtcKEL, 1879. With 4 radial-canals and 4 radially situated marginal tentacles. 4 simple lips not com- 

 plexly folded. Hydroid unknown. 



Hetrroliara MAAS, 1905. With 4 radial-canals, and 8 marginal tentacles. Ring-canal gives rise to interradial, blindly- 

 ending, centripetal canals. Only species is H. anon\mn, MAAS, 1905, Craspedoten Medusen Siboga Expedition, 

 Monog. lo, p. 19, taf. 3, figs. 19-21, Malay Archipelago. Hydroid unknown. 



2. Tribe AMPHINEMIDI: 



With 2 long and numerous rudimentary tentacles. There are 4 radial-canals. 



Slomoloca L. AOASSIZ, 1862 = Amphincma + Stomoloca+ Codonorchis, HAICKII, 1^79. With two well-developed ten- 

 tacles. Manubrium mav or may not be mounted upon a peduncle. Gonads corrugated, folded, swollen regions upon 

 interradial or adradial sides of stomach. 



Dissontma HAECKEL, 1879. With 2 well-developed and numerous rudimentary tentacles. During their development 

 gonads migrate outward from sides of stomach down the 4 radial-canals. 



