ANTHOMEDU8/E TDRRI8. 



123 



Bell 4 to 6 mm. high, 5 to 4 mm. wide. Globular or with a conical apex and bulging 

 sides; margin somewhat constricted. 60 to 70 short, crowded tentacles, shorter than the 



bell-height, with abaxial ocelli. Stomach wide, cruciform in 

 cross-section, and one-half to two-thirds as long as the depth 

 of the bell-cavity. 4 simple lanceolate lips, not complexly 

 tolded. Gonads as in T. pilrtitu. Entoderm of stomach 

 and tentacle-bulbs reddish-brown to rich purple. Found 

 or!" the British coasts. 



The hydroid was obtained by Grosse and Wright, who 

 reared it from the egg. The planula is bright crimson. 

 The hydranths are club-shaped and only about 2.5 mm. high. 

 They arise singly at intervals from a creeping filiform h\dm- 

 rhiza and have 12 or more scattered, filiform tentacles. The 



Fn.. 65. Hvdroid of 

 ' Hincks, 

 Zoophytes. 



rj negfecta, after hydrocaulus and hvdrorhiza are invested by a perisaic. 



Hincks, in British Hvdroid .; . 



Hydranths bright crimson. 



Turris pileata. 

 Plate n, fig. 4; plate 13, fig. d. 

 Medusa pileata, FORSKAL, 1775, Descriptions Animal., p. no; 1776, Icones rerum naturalium, plan- 33, fig. I). 



ania pileata+ P. Lesueur, PERON ET LESUEUR, 1809, Ann. du Museum d'Hist. Nat., tome 14, p. 



nia (Charvbdea) pisifera, OKEN, 1815, Lehrbuch iler Naturges., Tril 3, p. 125. 

 ania ampitHacea, SARS, 1835, Beskriv og Jagttagelser, p. 22, plate 4, fig. fta-f. 

 ra f>,ifia/ii+T. sarsii, LESSON, 1843, Hist. Zooph. AcaL, p. 287. 



ania turrita+0. octona+O. episcopates, FORBES, 1848, British Naked-eyed Mediis.r, pp. 27, 28, plate 2, figs. 1-3. 

 ania coccinea, LEI'CKART, 1856, Archiv. fur Naturges., Jahrg. 22, p. 24. 

 alidium arnpullaceum + Tiara pileata, A<;ASSIZ, L., 1862, Cont. Nat. Hist. U. S., vol. 4, pp. 352, 347. 







0: 



T 



Or 



Or 



Ph 



Tiara smara^dina, HAECKEL, 1864, Jena. Zeit. fiir Naturvv., Bd. i, p. 336. 



Oceania pileata, SPAT.NOLINI, 1876, Catalogo Acalefi Mediterraneo, p. 21, tav. 3, fig. i, 2. 



Tiata pileata, HAECKEL, 1879, Syst. der Medusen, p. 58, taf. 3, fign. 6-8. HAMANN, 1883, Zeit. fiir wissen. Zoo!., Bd. 38, p. 426, 

 taf. 23, fign. 16-20 (development of the planula larva). METSCHNIKOFF, E., 1886, Embryol. Sludien an Medusen, pp. 

 29, 48, etc., taf. l, fign. 1-17. HARTLAUB, 1894, Wissen. Meeresuntersuch. Komni. Mrrrr Ku-l, Helgoland, Neue Folge, 

 Bd. l, p. 189. FORSKAL= Oceania epiicopalis FORBES; BROWNE, 1896, Irish Naturalist, p. 180; 1895, Proc. and 

 Trans. Liverpool Biol. Soc., vol. 9, p. 258. BEDOT, 1901, Revue Suisse de Zoo]., tome 9, p. 487; Ibid., 1905, tome 13, 

 p. 150 (all literature to 1850). BROWNE, 1903, Bergens Museums Aarbog, No. 4, p. 11. MAAS, 1904, Result. Camp 

 Sci. Prince de Monaco, fasc. 28, p. 15, plate l, fig. 9. BROWNE, 1905, Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh] vol. 25, p. 760. 



(?) Tiara intermedia, BROWNE, 1902, Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 9, p. 277 (Falkland Islands, South Atlantic). 



Gervonia octona, FLEMINC, 1823, Edinburgh Philosoph. Journ., vol. 8, p. 299. 



Oceania octona, FORBES, 1848, British Naked-eved Medusa-, p. 27, plate 2, figs. 3^-3^. The plate is wronglv laln-lt-d *'O. epis- 

 copal is ." 



Oceania turrita (young medusa), FORBES, 1848, British Naked-eyed Medus.e, p. 28, plate 2, figs, la-zc. 



Tiara octona, A<;ASSIZ, L., 1862, Cont. Nat. Hist. U. S., vol. 4, p. 347. 



Oceania coronala, ALLMAN, 1871, Monog. Tubularian Hvdroids, p. 33, fig. 8. 



Tiara octona, H^FCKEI., 1879, Svst. der Medusen, p. 57. 



Yon Tiara octona, MAAS, 1904, Result. Camp. Sci. Prince de Monaco, fasc. 28, p. 13, plate 2, fig. ll. 



Bell about 15 to 40 mm. high and 10 to 20 mm. wide. Side walls quite thin, but there is 

 usually a well-developed, solid, apical projection, although this may lie absent. This pro- 

 jection may be conical or cylindrical, with a basal constriction, or pineapple-shaped, etc. 

 There are 12 to 48, usually 24 to 32, tentacles with hollow, laterally compressed, tapering 

 basal bulbs. These tentacles are longer than the bell-height and there is an abaxial ocellus 

 on the outer side of the base of each bulb. The velum is narrow and simple. 



The 4 radial-canals and ring-canal are wide, flat, and ribbon-like and their edges are often 

 more or less notched and jagged. As they approach the sides of the stomach the radial-canals 

 widen out into funnel-like expansions, so that they embrace the upper halves of the sides of 

 the stomach in the 4 principal radii. 



The stomach is wide, balloon-shaped, and 4-sided, and fills the upper one-half to two- 

 thirds of the bell-cavity. The 4 lips are at the end of a relatively- narrow, short neck and 

 are complexly folded, crenated and recurved upward. 



The gonads are 4 horseshoe-shaped regions on the sides of the stomach, the sides of each 

 horseshoe being adradial and the apex aboral and interradial. I he horseshoe consists of an 

 area of more or less transverse folds which, however, anastomose more or less so as to form 

 a network of ridges. In young medusz the ridges of the gonads are more or less parallel 

 and transverse, but in later life they anastomose to form an irregular network. 



