AXTHO.MKDI-S.K cvr.Kis. i:j;; 



The gonads ot C\t<cis are developed upon the mterradial sides of the stomach. In 

 ('\tiris vulgaris, according to Maas, 1905, they occur as 4 pairs of slightly swollen, corrugated 

 regions, a pair being found on each interradial side of the stomach. The mature genital 

 products are found in the ectoderm ot the stomach-wall. Many of the species develop medusa- 

 buds upon the interradial sides ot their stomach. Haeckel's statement that the gonads are 

 radial in position appears to be erroneous. 



Cyttris is closely related to PoJocofyne and is distinguished only by its smaller number 

 (4) of marginal tentacles, whereas PoJoforync has 8 or more marginal tentacles. MOICOMI 

 there are commonly more than 4 oral tentacles in ('.\ttcis, whereas the majority of the species 

 ot Podocoryne have only 4 oral tentacles. C\t<ns is possibly the original genus from which 

 I'tJvi-rji vii,- and more complex forms may have been derived. 



Cttbrjgtisti-r Haeckel, 1864, appears to be only the young ot (,'v/<r/>, excepting " (*.uln\:i>t, i 

 gemmascens" which I take to be an abnormal young Rathkc/i octoputittntu with only 2 well- 

 developed and 6 retarded marginal tentacles. Broch, 1905 (Bergens Museums Aarbog. No. 

 11, p. 4), states that the marginal tentacle-bulbs may range from 4 to 8, and that well- 

 developed tentacles may be absent. 



Cytaeis tetrastyla Eschscholtz. 



( 'v/,M \ trrr<i*t\l<i, Ls( ns( HOI. rz, 1829, Syst. der Acalrphrn, p. 104, taf. 8, fig. 2. HAM K M , i S^j. S\ i . ,lcr MrduM-n, p. ?} . 



BKDOT, 1905, Revue Smsse dr Zool., tome 13, p. 133 (literature, 1829-50). 

 Bougainrillca mcditerranea, BUSCH, 1851, Bcobacll. wirbell. Seethiere, p. 21, taf. 2, fig. 10. 



This medusa is recorded trom the Mediterranean and the eastern parts ot the tropical 

 Atlantic. For details see tabular synopsis ot the medusae ot Cyttris. 



Cytaeis atlantica. 



iVigriiinti (itltintift2 > STKKNSTRUP, 1837, Catal. Musei Hafniensis. 



C\(.rn ici',i^\l,i, KVDOUX et SOULEYET, 1841, Voyage de la Botnir, tonic 2, p. ^41, pl.ite 2, figs. 4 to i^. 



C.M.ris marrogauer, HAKCKEL, 1879, Syst. der Medusen, p. 74, taf. 6, fig. I. CHIN, 1X1)5, Bihliotheca Zo-ilogna, Mi-ft iij, p. 4^ 



(budding of medusa from the manubrium). 

 (;\[,ris nigritina, HAECKEL, 1879, Syst. der Medusen, p. 74, taf. 6, fign. 2-5. MAAS, 1904, Result. Cam p. Sa. Pririo- il<- Mi'iiani, 



l.i i . 28, p. 8, plate I, figs. 3, 4. 



Bell bluntly conical or pear-shaped, about 6 mm. high and 5 mm. wide. There are 4 

 stout radially placed marginal tentacles longer than the bell-diameter. The bases ot these 

 tentacles are very thick and extend up the sides ot the bell as large, bulbous, pear-shaped 

 swellings. These swellings bear a large crescent-shaped mass of entodermal pigment on 

 their lower, outer sides. These bulbous swellings are each about one-eighth to one-fourth as 

 high as the bell. The velum is well developed. There are 4 simple, straight radial-canals 

 and a simple ring-canal. The manubrium is large and lacks a peduncle. It is 0.5 to i.^ 

 times as long as the depth of the bell-cavity. Normally it is probably about as long as the 

 depth of the bell-cavity. There are numerous medusa-buds upon the upper halt ot the stomach- 

 wall and these are seen in various stages ot development. 1 he mouth is surrounded In .1 

 circlet of 8 to 32 short, slender, oral tentacles, each of which terminates in a nematocyst-knob. 

 The stomach is reddish-brown and the tentacles brown, with tentacle-bulbs nearly black. 

 This medusa is found in the Mediterranean and Atlantic trom the shores ot Africa to flu- 

 Brazilian coast. 



Haeckel describes 4 gonads at the points ot |uncture ot the 4 radial-canals with the 

 stomach, but this is probably erroneous, tor it is improbable that the gonads are m the principal 

 radii. 



Haeckel distinguishes C. nigritimi with manubrium half as long as the depth ot the 

 bell-cavity, and with 16 to }2 oral tentacles; and ('.. niiu-rngantfr with manubrium 1.5 tinns 

 as long as the depth of the bell-cavity and with 8 to 16 oral tentacles. _ In 1904, Maas dcsciilu s 

 a very similar medusa, under the name ot (',. nigi'itnm, in which the manubrium is about 

 two-thirds as long as the depth of the bell-cavity and has i i oral tentacles. These medusa- 

 are so closely similar in all other respects that I am of the opinion that they are men-l\ 

 growth and contraction phases of one and the same species. Following the usual rule of pre- 

 cedence, it appears that the specific name should be "atlantica," this being the designation 

 proposed by Steenstrup, 1837. 



