ANTHOMEDUS.E ZANCLEA. 85 



The Cladonemidae are close relatives of the Codonidae, this being illustrated most cleaily 

 by their hydroids, and they may properly be regarded as highly-specialized Codonidae, as has 

 been maintained by Hartlaub. For purposes of classification, however, I think it will be 

 well to permit them to remain in a family of Anthomedusae coordinate with the Codonidae, for 

 there is no single character which they have consistently in common with the Codonidae. For 

 example, the gonad in ClaJonemamzy be readily likened to that of the Codonidae, for it encircles 

 the stomach on all sides, but in some species of Zanclea the gonads show a decided tendency 

 to segregate interradially, and in Elcutheria they are developed in an ectodermal brood-sac 

 which is not connected with the manubrium. 



The most constant character of the Cladonemidae is their forked, or feathered, marginal 

 tentacles. 



The greatest difficulty in any attempt to classify the Cladonemidae among themselves 

 arises from our lack ot understanding of the nature of the brood-sac or apical cavity in the bell 

 ot the genera Pteroncma, Ctenarta, and Dendronema; and no classification worthy of serious 

 consideration can be effected until we know whether this sac is a mere extension of the stomach 

 or an ectodermal reproductive cavity similar to that studied by Hartlaub in Elcutheria. 



FAMILY: CLADONEMIDAE. Subfamily Pteroneminai 



Manubrium without oral tentacles. With 4 to 8 simple radial-canals. 



Zanclea GEGENRAUR, 1856. With 2 to 4 marginal tentacles at bases of 4 radial-canals. The tentacles give rise to an 

 abaxial row of simple branches, each terminating in a cluster of ncmatocysts. With meridional rows of nema- 

 tocysts upon the exumbrella. No ocelli. No brood-pouch above the stomach. The hydroid is Gtinmaria McCrady, 

 Allman. 



Zancleofish HARTLAUB, 1907. Similar to Zanclea, but with tentacular ocelli and without meridional rows of nemato- 

 cysts. 



Pteronema HAECKEL, 1879. With 4 well-developed tentacles similar in structure to those of Zanclea. With 4 simple 

 radial-canals. With a brood-sac above the stomach. Hydroid unknown. 



Eleutheria QTATREFAGES, 1842. With 4 to 6 simple radial-canals, and an equal number of bifurcated tentacles. With 

 a brood-pouch above the stomach. This brood-pouch is not connected with stomach-cavity, but communicates 

 \vith bell-cavitv by means of simple interradial pores. Genital products develop exclusively in brood-pouch. Medusa 

 is hermaphroditic. Hydroid is Clavatella Hincks. 



Mnestra KROHN, 1853 (Archiv. fur Naturges., Jahrg. 19, Bd. i, p. 278). Medusa degenerate, sessile upon Pliyllirhoc 

 in the Mediterranean. With 4 to o small marginal tentacles having nettling capsules along their abaxial sides. A 

 ring of nematocysts extends around the bell-margin, and 4 linear tracts of nettle-cells extend upward over the 

 exumbrella, t from each tentacle-bulb. With 4 simple, unbranched radial-canals and ring-canal. No brood-pouch 

 above stomach. Throat of medusa blocked by a spongy mass of entoderm. Medusa attaches itself by its mouth to 

 throat of Phyllirhoe, and the larvae of the Mnestra probably develop within the gastric cavity of the Phyllirhoe* It 

 is elaborately described by Gunther, 1903 (Mitt. Zool. Sta. Neapel, Bd 16, pp. 35-62, plates 2, 3). 

 FAMILY: CLADONEMID.'E. Subfamily Dendroneminte: 



The mouth is surrounded by simple, or branched, oral tentacles. Some or all of the radial-canals bifurcate. 



Ctrnaria HAECKEL, 1879. With 2 marginal tentacles, each of which gives rise to a row of nematocyst-bearing filaments. 

 With 4 bifurcated radial-canals. With simple, unbranched, oral tentacles. With an apical sac above the stomach. 

 Hydroid unknown. 



Clailonema DTJARDIN, 1843. With 4 to 5 bifurcated radial-canals, or 8 to 10 simple radial-canals, or with both simple 

 and bifurcated radial-canals. With a tentacle at foot of each radial-canal. These tentacles branch dichotomouslv 

 or complexly, and branches end in suckers or nematocyst-knobs. With simple, unbranched, oral tentacles. No 

 brood-sac above stomach. Hydroid, Siauridia Dujardin. 



Deridroneiiia HAECKEL, 1879. With bifurcated radial-canals, and dichotomously branched tentacles. Branches end in 

 suckers, or in nematocyst-knobs. Mouth surrounded by 4 groups of dichotomously branched oral tentacles. There 

 is an apical sac above the stomach. 



Genus ZANCLEA Gegenbaur, 1856. 



Zanclea, GEGENBAVR, 1856, Zeit. fur wissen. Zool., Bd. 8, p. 229. KEFERSTEIN UNO EHLERS, 1861, Zool. Beitr. in Xt-apcl und 



Messina, p. 85. AGASSIZ, L., 1862, Cont. Nat. Hist. U. S., vol. 4, p. 344. 

 Zariflea-t- Gemtntiriii, HAE( KEI., 1879, Syst. der Mcdlisen, pp. IO2, 103. 

 Zanclea, FEWKES, 1881, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 150. HARTLAI/B, 1887, Zoo], Anzeiger, Bd. 10, p. 654; njo^, N'or- 



dischcs Plankton, Nr. 12, p. 112. VANHOFFEN, 1891, Zool. Anzeiger, Jahrg. 14, p. 445. <!i NIH>K. i'|o}. Mitt. Zool. 



Sta. Neapel, Bd. 16, p. 57. 



Gemmaria= Zanclea, BROWNE, 1905, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 25, p. 750. 

 Gemmaria, McCfiADY, 1857, Gymn. Charleston Harbor, p. 49. A<:, i '. \ . iSi^, North Amcr. Acal., p. 184. An \nx, 1872, 



Monog. Tubul. Hvdroids, p. 289. BROWNE, 1896, Proc. X.ool. Sot. London, p. 4111. 



\'on Gemmaria, FEWKES, 1881, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. at Harvard I'. .Hi vol. 8, p. 150. 



Gemmaria, HARTLAI'B, 1887, Zool. Anzeiger, Bd. 10, p. 6^4. -fJiM'Hm, [903, Mitt. Zool. Sta. Neapel, Bd. if>, p. 57. 



Gemmaria (hydroid), HARTLAI R, 190$, Zoologischen Jahrbiich., Supplement 6, p. 527. 



Corvnith, Mi r. i:v 11. 1^90., Quart. Journ. M ici., new ser., vol. 42. p. ^4. \t TTING, 1901, Bull. I'. S. Fish Commission 



for iScfij, pp. ^29, 372. HARGITT, 1904, Bull. U. S. Bureau uf Fisheries, vol. 24, p. 42. 

 Halorharis (hydroid), Ai.tssiz, L., 1862, Cont. Nat. Hist. U. S., vol. 4, p. 239, plate 20, figs. io-ioc. 

 Gemmaria+ Zanclea, HARGITT, 1908, Biol. Bulletin, vol. 14, p. 104. 



The type species of this genus is Zanclea costata Gegenbaur, 1856, of the Mediterranean. 



