ANTIKiMI Dl - E -I'lioTIAUA. ] Of) 



The medusae <>t the various genera of Tiarinae hear a close resemhlance one to another. 

 Their hells are usually miter-shaped; ectodermal ocelli are often found upon their hollow ten- 

 tacle-bulbs, and their radial-canals arc usually hroad and Hat, and often with more or less 

 jagged outlines. 



All of" the tentacles arise from the lower edge of" the bell-margin when young, but as 

 growth proceeds, the upper parts of" the basal bulbs of the older ones are crowded and forced a 

 short distance up the sides of the bell, while the smaller tentacles still remain upon the lower 

 edge of the hell-margin. 1 his gives the appearance of two rows of tentacles. 



Hartlaub demonstrated that the so-called mesenteries of I lacckel. 1X70,, arc only the wide. 

 funnel-like origins of the radial-canals, where they communicate with the stomach-cavity. 



As Maas, 1904, has shown, the Tiarinae have given rise to the more specialized Bytho- 

 tiandi, wherein the radial-canals have become branched, and the latter arc probably related 

 to the \\illiadi. I he Iiarmas are themselves derived, probably, from Codonidae in which 

 the originally ring-like goiuul has become radially separated, so that it lies only in intrn.uli.il 

 positions on the wall of the stomach. They are thus, apparently, more highly specialized 

 than the Codonidae. Cnl\; f>m with its 16 simple, unbranched radial-canals may be regarded 

 as a form intermediate between the Tiarinae and Bythotiaridi. 



The Tiarinae are distinguished from the Margehnae by the tact that oral tentacles are 

 never found in the Tiarinae, but are present in the Margelm;e. Moreover, the tentacles of 

 the Tiarinae arise singly from the bell-margin, and are not grouped in clusters as is frequently 

 the case in the more specialized Margelinae. It seems not improbable that the Tiarinae and 

 Margelinae have arisen independently of each other from the Codonidae. A decided difference 

 between the Tiarinae and Margelmae is that in the former the entodermal cores of the tentacles 

 are hollow, and in the Margelinae they are nearly, it" not wholly, solid. When present the 

 ectodermal ocelli in the Tiarinae are on the untt'r sides of tin- tentacle-bulbs, whereas in the 

 Margelinae they are on the inner (velar) sides 



Genus PROTIARA Haeckel, 1879. 



Carminrolhe btroe, SLABBER, 177?, Physikal. BHust., p. 64. 



Proliara, HAECKEL, 1879, Svst. ilrr MciluM-n, p. 46. HARC.ITT, 1902, Biological Bulletin, Boston, vol. 4, p. 17; )<)O4, Bull. 



I'. S. Bureau of Fisheries, vol. 24, p. 34. LINKO, 190:, /.< -1 . Xii/rim-r, J.ilirt,-. : ^, p. i (12. 

 ( ? ) PlolorniJe, WAI, NCR, 18X5, \VirMlosrn des WIT.M-H Mo-res, BJ. i, p. 74. 

 Halititirti, KFWKFS, 1882, Bull. Museum Conip. /mil. at Harvanl Collet;.-, M.|. >), p. J-M. V.\^i/ .in.) M^YJR, lS<|i), Hull. 



Museum Conip. Zool. at Harvard College, vol. 32, p. 160. 



GENERIC CHARACTERS. 



Tiarinae with 4 well-developed, radially situated tentacles with hollow, basal bulbs. \\ ith 

 4 longitudinal, swollen gonads on the 4 interradial sides fit the stomach. The outer surfaces 

 of these gonads are smooth, not folded, nor corrugated, 1 he 4 lips are simple, not folded noi 

 crenulated. 



Haeckel, 1^79, founded this genus for P. t<ir<i/i<-ni<i, which hail been previously described 

 by Slabber, 1775, under the name Carminrothe /vro, from the North Sea and Knglish Channel. 

 According to Vanhorfen, itfiji (X,ool. Anzeiger, Bd. 14, p. 441), this medusa is only a young 

 ('rjr\'iiitis. However this may be, Hargitt. K;oa, discovered a medusa in Yimvaid Sound, 

 Massachusetts, which accords well with Haeckel's definition of Protiara. The gonads are 

 described by Hargitt as being found in tour separate, longitudinal, swollen regions in the 

 interradial (radial ?) sides of the stomach. Hargitt cut no sections of the medusa, and con- 

 sequently we must merely place this species provisionally in the genus Protiara, for it the 

 gonads be developed so as to completely surround the stomach and are not separated radially, 

 the medusa is one of the Codonidae. It it be one of the Tiarinae, i{ appeals to constitute 

 an interesting intermediate form between some Corynitis like member of the family Codonidae 

 and the Tiarinae. It has the simple mouth, narrow canals, and smoothly rounded external 

 surfaces of the manubrium characteristic of the Codonidae, but its 4 separated, interradial 

 gonads, and its hollow, tapering tentacles allv it to the Tiarinae. 



Lmko, IQO2, sectioned a somewhat similar medusa from the Murman coast, between 

 Russia and Norway, and demonstrated that the 4 gonads are interradial. 



The medusa described by Fewkes as f fulitnun fnrninsa is evidently a I'lotiiim. 



