l.'JG MIClirS.K I IF THK WORLD. 



GENERIC CHARACTERS. 



Margelinae with 4 or more simple, unbranched oral tentacles and with 8 or more simple 

 marginal tentacles. When present the peduncle of the manubrium is simple, solid, and gelat- 

 inous. The hydroid stock is Podocoryne. 



Haeckel, 1879, restricts the genus "Dysmorphosa" to include only those medusae which 

 have 8 marginal tentacles. Medusze bearing more than 8 tentacles he places in a new genus 

 "(1 \iirunJi n." Inasmuch as specimens of Podocoryne fulgurans and P. cnrnea are often found 

 which have more than 8 tentacles, we consider Haeckel's definitions to be too restrictive. Van- 

 hoffen, 1891, defines Dysmorphosa, as we do Podocoryne, to include medusa, with 8 or more 

 marginal tentacles. 



PoJ'jiftr \iii- may be distinguished from Lymtiorca by its simple unbranched oral tentacles. 

 In Turritopsis there are no oral tentacles, but only 4 simple lips studded with nematocyst- 

 knobs, and the presence of simple oral tentacles in Podocoryne at once distinguishes it from 

 Turritopsis. It is distinguished from Cyta-is by its having eight or more marginal tentacles, 

 whereas C ytieis is restricted to medusae bearing 4 marginal tentacles. In Cvtccis the oral ten- 

 tacles are commonly more than 4, whereas there are only 3 known species of Dysniorp/ios/i 

 bearing more than 4 oral tentacles. Podocoryne is possibly derived from the more simply 

 organized C \ta-is. 



Podocoryne carnea Sars. 



Plate 14, figs. 2 to 6; plate 15, fig. 14. 

 SYNONYMS OK THK EUROPEAN FORM. 



( ) Dysmorphosa conchicola, PHILIPPI, 1X42, Archiv. fiir Naturgesch., Jahrg. 8, Bd. i, p. 37, taf. i, fig. 3. 



Podocoryne carnra, SAKS, 1846, Fauna Littor. Norveg., p. 4, taf. i, figs. 7-18. KROHN, 1851, Archiv. fiir Naturgesch., Jahrg. 

 17, Bd. I, p. 266. HINCKS, 1868, British Hydroid Zooph., p. 29, plate 5, 6 figs. ALLMAN, 1871, Monograph Tubul. Hy- 

 droids. p. 349, plate 16, figs. 1-9. DEVARENNE, 1882, Archiv. de Zool. Ejpcr., tome lo, pp. 645, 674, 683, plate 33, figs. 

 6-15; plates 34, 36-38; 1882, Compt. rend. Paris, tome 94, p. 892. WF.ISMANN, 1883, Seiualzellen bei den Hydromedu- 

 sen, pp. 63-72, taf. 19, fign. 1-13. BROWNK, 1896, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 463. DEVARENNE, 1881, Annals and 

 Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 9, p. 134. HAMANN, 1882, Jena. Zeitschrift fur Naturwissen., Bd. 15, p. 517, taf. 20, fign. I, 

 3, 4(histology of hydroid). JICKELI, 1883, Morphol. Jahrb., Bd. 8. p. 621, taf. 27 (histology of the hydroid). GRAEFFE, 

 1884, Arbeit. Zool. Inst. Wien, Bd. 5, p. 347. ISHIKAWA, 1888, Zeit. fiir wissen. Zool., Bd. 47, p. 621, 6 fign. (origin nf 

 egg cells). BEDOT, 1905, Revue Suisse de Zoo]., tome 13, p. 103 (literature 1842-1850). RITCHIE, 1907, Trans. Roy. 

 Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 45, p. 1^23 (from Cape Colony, South Africa). 



Dysmorphosa carnea, HAECKEL, 1879, Syst. der Medusen, p. 77. 



(:\[,ti! exi^nti, HAECKEL, Ibid., p. 634. 



Podocoryne h'fckcln, HAMANN, 1882, Jena. Zeit. fur Naturwissen., Bd. 15, p. 519 (young stocks of I', carnea ?). 



(?) Podocoryne conchicola (Philippi) in part, HARGITT, 1904, Mitth. Zool. Station Neapel, Bd. 16, p. c8l, fig. 26, taf. 22. 



SYNONYMS OF THE AMFRICAN REPRESENTATIVE. 



Turritopsis nutricula, AGASSIZ, A., 1862, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, p. 97, figs. 22, 23; 1865, North Amer. Acal.,p. 167* 

 figs. 269, 270. FEWKES, 1881, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, p. 153, plate 4, figs. 4, 7-10. 



t'.nli \<tion formosuii, FEWKES, 1882, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 9, p. 294. 



Podocoryne carnpa, BUNTING, 1894, Journ. Morphol., vol. 9, p. 205, plate I I, fig. 68. LhviNSEN, 1893, Vid. Meddel. Nat. For. 

 Kjhbenhavn (5), Bd. 4, p. t 53. HARGITT, 1904, Bull. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, vol. 24, p. 38, plate 4, fig. 5 (figure 

 labeled " Turritopsis nutricula," on p. 37). 



Turritopsis nutricula (in part), NETTING, 1901, Bull. U. S. Fish Commission for 1899, vol. 19, p. 375. 



Porocoryne carnea, HARGITT, 1901, American Naturalist, vol. 35, p. 582, fig. 44. 



Podocoryne, HAZEN, 1902, Amer. Naturalist, vol. 36, p. 193 (regeneration). 



AMERICAN VARIETY. 



Adult nii-i/iisa (plate 15, fig. 14). Bell ellipsoidal in form and about 3.5 mm. in height. 

 Gelatinous substance not very thick, but quite tough and rigid. There are about 24 to 32 mar- 

 ginal tentacles which are about as long as the bell-height. The tentacles- are not very flexible, 

 and are usually carried curled upward. The tentacle-bulbs are well developed and are filled 

 with entodermal pigment granules. The velum is well developed. There are 4 straight 

 and narrow radial-canals. The manubrium is flask-shaped and there is no peduncle. The 

 mouth-opening is surrounded by 4 short, radially situated, unbranched, oral tentacles, each of 

 which terminates in a knob-shaped cluster of nematocysts. The ripe ova and spermatozoa are 

 found in the 4 interradii within the ectoderm of the manuhrium. According to Ishikawa and 



