I.LTTuMKIHs F. LMHHiT.A. 2(11 



Genus LAODICEA Lesson, 1843. 



l.,ia,li,ea, Lissov, 1X4;, Hist X.uoph. Aral.. i>. 21(4. \- VGA '' m L. VcASSIz's, 1X1,2. Coin. Nat. Hi-t. I". S.. \.,l. 4, 

 p. 550. -Ac.Assi/ and \U\ IK, 1X99, Bull. Mils. Comp. /ool. at Harvard College, \,.l. ;2, p. ifu. HK..III. 1904. Bull. 

 I .S. Bureau of Fisheries, vol. 24, p. 4^. 



C.OSmftir.I, FoRKts, 1X48, British Naked-eve, ! Me. in- r, p. 42. 



Thnuman'iai, GFC.SNBAI R, 1856, /cit. fur uissen. /mil., Bd. 8, p. 257. 



/.<i/a?a, AC;ASSIZ, L., 1862, Cont. Nat. Hist. f. S., vol. 4, p. -,^i . A'.ASSI/, A., i Sl.s. North Ann r Veal., p. 122. 



Airarfslit, \\'RII. IIT, iXhi, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. ;. \ol. 8. p. 129. 



l'i,,/>, :lfll,i (hvdroid), HINC-KS, ]S6X, British Hvdroid /.ooph.. p. 201). plate 40. 



Oelonema+ LaoJice, H^KKM, iS^, Svst. der Medu en. pp. 121"), 1^1. 



/.uoilicr, MfTscHMKoth, iS8d, Embrvul. Studien an Medus.-n, \\ien, p. 23, etc. (development). -BROOKS, 1895, Journal 

 Morphology, vol. 10, p. 287. BKOWM, 1896, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 4X2; IhiJ.. iX.jX. p. *2;. \K*s. 1904, 

 Result. Camp. Sci. Prince de Monaco, Fare. z8, p. 18; 1905, Dii c ,, r> loten Meduaen der 5/laj/i Kxpedition, Monoj;. 10, 

 p. 24. BF.DCIT, 1901, Revue Slliutt d.- /o,,l., tome () . p. + S ;; /I,,,/., i,, o ;, tome i;, p. i ;(. (,-ii.ni,,n ,,f all n 

 1X^0). -BKCUVNJ, l'io^. Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., vul. 20. str. J, p. 4s"'|. 



(lenu< \, MAAS, |X<(;, Hvdromedusen Plankton Kxpedition, p. ^5. 



(t< >fjr fift,!//,'!, \ os. LENDENPELD, i XX 4, Proc. Linnean So. . \. South NV.de-, vol . <f. p. ui<). 



This genus was founded by Lesson, 184.5. for Lnndicfn fmiiiilii. of the coast of F.urope. 

 which appears to have been previously described by Forskal, 1775. under the name of M , Jam 



GENERIC CM. -\RACTHRS. 



Thaumandadae with 4 gonads upon the 4 radial-canals. With 4 or more tentacles. The 

 tentacle-bulbs often bear ectodermal ocelli. Sensory-clubs Icordylh anil cirri are situated 

 between the tentacles. The stomach is without a peduncle. There are 4 simple, cruciform 

 lips. The hvdroid is Cuspid ella Hincks. 



Brooks, 180,5, shows that the sensory-clubs of /.<;,//,,,/ are situated upon the ectodeimal 

 nerve-ring, which is found on the exumbrella side of the bell immediately abo\e the velum, 

 i he core ot each sense-club is composed ot entodermal cells which are in direct connection 

 with the entoderm ot the circular canal. The sense-clubs contain no concretions. Anatom- 

 ically the sense-clubs of Laodicea are strikingly similar to the embryonic sense-clubs of the 

 Narcomedusae and Trachy medusae, hut they lack concietioiis. On the other hand there can 

 be no doubt that Landicea is closely related to the lithoc\ st-bearing Leptomedusz or Vesic- 

 ulatx of the Hertwig brothers. 



Haeckel introduced the spelling LaoJice, but Lesson's original name is spelled l.<i<nli, , <i. 

 Our Laodicea is equivalent to I.ooJici - 4 Octonema Haeckel. The medusae of ].<ioJn,-n are 

 extremely variable in color and in the arrangement of their tentacles, cirri, ocelli, and marginal 

 sense-clubs. I am inclined to believe that /,. nlnt/iri\, /.. ,,il,iinitii of the Atlantic. /.. i>iJi,,i 

 of Ceylon, and /.. innrntnn ot the Fip Islands are only local races ot /.. crnciiitn ol the Medi- 

 terranean and Atlantic coasts of Europe. All of these so-called species are possibly only im- 

 perfectly differentiated local races of I.<i'>dic?n ,iiicnitii. Browne, iSi/i, iSc^S, has shown that 

 the common Mediterranean, European, and American Laodicea are probably one and tin- 

 same species, and my own studies serve only to convince me of the correctness of bis view. 



As in T mri>f>sis the species ot Laodicea tall into two well-defined groups: 'I hose \\ith 410 

 8 tentacles, represented by /.. ,-;/, o/v, f,-rlilit. nrptuiin. and ^liitinn^i. and those \\ith ^2. to 300 

 tentacles, represented by /,. friitintu, chapmani, and pnLhrn. 



Metschmkoft, 1886, made elaborate studies ot the development of the egg of the J.nnJi. -, -it 

 criictntn of the Mediterranean; and he succeeded in rearing the lar\;e until tlu-\ developed into 

 small hydroids of the genus Cuspidella Ilincks. 



Laodicea cruciata L. Agassiz. 



Plate 21, figs. 4 and V: plate 22, tit;*. 2 to d; plate 2;, f\^. I to ;. 



i.iwtiiffa fiilcnrtiiti, A. Anssi/, m L. A(,ASSI/'S. i SI.2. t'ouf . Nat. Hist . r . S., \ol . 4, p. ^o. H ARC. ITT, 1904, Bull. I'. S. Bureau 



of Fisheries, vol. 24, p. 4^, i fit;. -.\!A\S, 1405, t'raspedoten Me.lusen ,ler Xit>og,i Expedition, Alonoi;. 10, p. 2?. 

 l.tifn'il rornittti, AciASSlz, L., 1862, Con:. Nat. Hist . I . S.. vol. 4, p. ^51 (non I., i i/rnulii, Lamouroux). A<.\ssi/, A., iMi;. I' 



Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, p. 91, fii^. 4. 



Caiapanularia ilumoia, LFIDV, iX^s, Marine Iim rr. Fauna of R. I. and N. J., p. f,. 

 l.a\a'a rulctirata, ACIASSIZ, A., iXti^, North Amer. Acal., p. 122, figs. 184, 194. 

 l.tioilice calfaratti, H\M KM , 1X79, Syst. der Metlusen, p. 1^4. Bkooks, i Si)^, j.iurn.il of Morpholoi;\ , vol. 10. p. :X~. plate 17, 



figs. 5-7. BROWM, iXtj^, Trans. Liverpool Biol. S..L., \,,1. 9, p. 276; 1898, Proc. Zoo]. s (ll . London for iXt>~, ( 



plate 49, fig. 4; 1000, Proc. Royal Irish Acad. Dublin, ser. ;, vol. ;, p. 720. 

 I.afufii r,ilf,ir,a,i, VIRRIM., 187',, Report Commiss. Fish and Fishen. tot iS-i -2. p. 729. 



