FORM, GROWTH, AND CHANGE 61 



has been newly hatched from the egg, the main features both 

 outward and inward, are all present and recognizable. The 

 insect begins to feed voraciously, grows fast, and has to moult 

 four or five times during larval life. While some of these 

 moults may be followed by changes in detail with regard to 

 the arrangement of hairs or spines, or to the colour of the 



FIG. 33. 

 FIG. 33. PUPA OF WHITE BUTTERFLY (Ptms), SIDE VIEW. 



/. feeler ; w, wing ; sp, spiracle ; p, anal proleg ; cr, cremaster. 

 x8. From Carpenter's " Life Story of Insects," in part after 

 Hatchett Jackson, Trans. Linn. Soc., 1890, and Tutt, " Brit. 

 Butterflies ". 



cuticle in certain regions, there is no change in the general 

 aspect of the caterpillar despite its great increase in bulk, and 

 at no time during larval life can any trace of outward wing- 

 rudiments like those of the grasshopper and dragon-fly nymph 

 be seen on the second and third thoracic segments which are 

 destined to bear the wings in the imago. 



As is well known, a great and apparently sudden change is 



