i8o INSECT TRANSFORMATION 



Order 10. Mallophaga 



The Mallophaga (biting-lice) have short feelers, reduced 

 eyes, biting mandibles, palps on the maxillae, and, in some 

 families, on the labium. They are wingless parasites with the 

 hinder thoracic segments imperfectly distinguished, and the 

 feet adapted for clinging to the feathers or hairs of their hosts. 

 Cerci are absent. 



Young biting-lice resemble their parents very closely. 



Order n. Anoplura 



The Anoplura (lice) are wingless parasites with short 

 feelers and a tubular, piercing and suctorial mouth in which 

 the typical insectan jaws can be hardly recognized. The legs 

 with strong one-clawed feet are adapted for clinging to the 

 host's hair. The abdomen bears no cerci, but the adults have 

 prominent genital armature. 



Except for the absence of these last-named structures, 

 young lice resemble their parents very closely. 



Order 12. Hemiptera 



The Hemiptera are insects in which the mouth is adapted 

 for piercing and sucking by the modification of mandibles 

 and maxillae into elongate, needle-like piercers which work 

 to and fro in a groove on the front face of the long, jointed 

 labium (rostrum or " beak "). The feelers have comparatively 

 few segments ; the wings are variable in structure and develop- 

 ment, the abdomen is without cerci, but there is a typical, 

 often prominent ovipositor. Two well-distinguished sub- 

 orders may be recognized. 



Sub-Order i. Heteroptera 



The Heteroptera or bugs have the base of the rostrum 

 placed well forward, the forewings of firmer texture than 

 the hindwings, but usually with a well-marked mem- 

 branous apex, the wings lying fiat on the back when at 

 rest. 



Young Heteroptera resemble their parents in general 



