112 



INSECT TRANSFORMATION 



of stout teeth which scrape across a stridulating organ on the 

 haunch of the leg next in front. 1 



The chafer grubs just described represent an eruciform type 

 of larva in which the legs are fairly long and prominent, while 

 in the grub of the dor-beetle a tendency to a reduction in the 

 length of the hindmost legs is a marked feature. We may now 

 pass to an example of the same general type in which all the 



FIG. 63. 



a, Flea Leaf-beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala). x 3. b, larva (side view), x 5. 

 c, larval mandible ; d, maxilla ; e, labium. x 100. /, leg. x 32. foot 

 with claw and empodial appendage, x 160. After Carpenter, Jou'rn^'Econ. 

 It ml. I. 



legs are very short relatively to the size of the body, so that 

 the larva's likeness to a caterpillar becomes emphasized. 

 Such an example is afforded by a grub of a leaf-beetle of the 

 jumping group (HaUicinae). Of these the "turnip-flies" 

 (Phyllotretd) whose larvae burrow in the green tissues of leaves 

 are perhaps the best known ; we will take the stem-boring 

 larva of Psylliodes chrysocephala (Fig. 63). This has a hard 

 and firm head-capsule like all beetle grubs, and there are 



1 D. Sharp : " Insects " in the Cambridge Natural History, Vols. V, VI. 

 1895-9 (See Vol. VI, pp. 192-3). 



