LEPID OP TERA . 375 



legs of the male are a little shorter, and the tarsi of these lack 

 one or both claws ; radius of the fore wings, with rare exceptions, 

 only three- or four-branched. To determine the number of 

 branches of radius, count the two cubital and the three medial 

 branches first ; the branches left between veins Vi and II belong 

 to radius. 



C. Vein V, of the fore wings arising at or near the apex of the 

 discalcell (Fig. 465; except in Fentseca targw'nties,in which the 

 wings are dark brown, with a large fulvous spot on each. p. 



388 LYCVENID^. 



CC. The first branch of media of the fore wings united with 

 the last branch of radius for a considerable distance beyond 

 the apex of the discal cell (Fig. 460). Ground color of wings 



white, yellow, or orange, p. 381 PIERID^E. 



BB. With only four well-developed legs, the fore legs being un- 

 used, much shorter than the others, and folded on the breast like 

 a tippet (except in the female of Hypatus). Radius of fore wings 

 five-branched (Fig. 467), p. 395 NYMPHALID^E. 



Family PAPILIONID^ (Pa-pil-i-on'i-dae). 

 The Swalloiv-tails and the Parnassians. 



This family includes the swallow-tail butterflies, which 

 are common throughout our country, and the Parnassians, 

 which are found only on high mountains or far north. These 

 insects are distinguished from all other butterflies by the 

 fact that vein V, of the fore wings appears to be a branch 

 of cubitus, making this vein appear four-branched (Fig. 456), 

 and also by the fact that the anal area of the hind wings is 

 more reduced than the anal area of the fore wings, the 

 former containing only a single anal vein, the latter two or 

 three. 



The caterpillars are never furnished with spines, but are 

 either naked or clothed with a few fine hairs. In a single 

 species in our fauna (Laertias pJdlenor) the body of the 

 larva bears fleshy filaments. 



A striking peculiarity of the larvae of this family is the 

 presence of a pair of bright-colored fleshy " horns," which 

 can be projected from a slit in the dorsal wall of the pro- 



