96 EXPLANATION OF TERMS 



Papilla: a minute, soft projection: specifically the modified ligula in silk- 

 spinning caterpillars. 



Papillary: with nipple-like processes that have the tips rounded. 

 Papillate -us: a surface with small elevations which are porous at tip. 

 Papilliform: like a wart or pimple. 



Papillose -us: pimply; a surface covered with raised dots or pimples. 

 Pappose: downy: made up or clothed with pappus. 

 Pappus: a fine down. 

 Para-: next to; near by; at the side of. 

 Parabiosis: see symbiosis. 

 Parabolic: elongately rounded. 

 Paraclypeal piece: in lepidopterous pupae, occurs in some of the generalized 



families on each side of the maxillary palpi. 



Paraclypeus: in caterpillars, a narrow sclerite bordering clypeus at sides. 

 Paraderm: the limiting membrane enclosing the pronymph of Muscidce. 

 Paraglossa: a paired, labial structure, lying at each side of the ligula; often 



connected with it; sometimes free and two-jointed: corresponds to the 



galea of maxilla. 



Parallel: along the same line and nearly equidistant. 

 Paranal: at the side of or next to the anus or anal structures. 

 Paranal forks: two lateral, bristle-like structures in some caterpillars, used 



to throw frass pellets to a distance. 

 Paranal lobes: = podical plates; q. v. 

 Paraphysis: the chitinized thickenings or lateral ingrowths, usually situated 



at the base of the lobes in certain Diaspid genera. 

 Parapleura: the sternal side pieces in beetles. 

 Parapodia: the pro- or false legs: more specifically applied to the jointed 



abdominal processes of the Symphyla. 

 Parapsidas: the small sclerites on each side of the scutellum in Chalcids, 



marked by the parapsidal grooves. 

 Parapsidal furrows: longitudinal grooves on each side of the mesoscutum 



of Proctytrypldcc separating the parapsides from the middle lobe. 

 Parapsidal grooves: the grooves or furrows on each side of the Chalcid 



scutellum, defining the parapsidse. 

 Parapsides: lateral pieces of the mesoscutum, separated from the mesal 



portion by the parapsidal furrows. 

 Parapteron-era: small sclerites, articulated to the dorsal extremity of the 



episternum, just below the wings; absent on prothorax : = the tegulas of 



Hymenoptera, and patagia of Lcpidoptcra: have been homologized with 



the elytra of Colcoptera. 

 Parasita: =parasitica; q. v. 

 Parasite: a species that lives in or on another animal or insect, and depends 



upon the tissue of the host for its food supply. 

 Parasitic: living on or in some other animal or insect in such a way as to 



derive all nourishment from the tissues of the host. 

 Parasitica: the sucking lice: wingless; without metamorphosis; mouth with 



piercing lancets ; thoracic segments similar ; habits epizootic. 



