USED IN ENTOMOLOGY. 103 



Pleural carinae: in Hymenoptera, extend along the exterior margin of the 

 metanotum. 



Pleural pieces: the lateral sclerites of the thorax: see pleura. 



Pleurites: the sclerites into which the pleurum is divided. 



Pleuron: the side of the thorax. 



Pleuropodia: embryonic or temporary bands formed by the modified first 

 pair of abdominal legs in many insects. 



Pleurostict: lamellicorn beetles in which the abdominal spiracles are situated 

 on the dorsal portion of the ventral sclerites. 



Pleurum: pleuron; plural, pleura; q. v. 



Plexus: a knot: applied to a knot-like mass of nerves, or tracheae. 



Plica: a fold or wrinkle: a longitudinal plait of a wing. 



Plicate: plaited; folded like a fan. 



Plications: foldings; applied to the folds on the hind wings of Orthoptcra. 



Plicipenna: =.Trichoptcra; proposed by Latreille. 



Plumate: like a feather. 



Plumbeus: leaden or bluish gray [neutral]. 



Plumose: feathered; like a plume: antenme that have long ciliated processes 

 on each side of each joint : see cirrate. 



Plump: with full, rounded outlines; not obese. 



Plumules: specialized scales of the androconia of Lcpidoptcra. 



Pluri-: as a prefix, means many. 



Pluri-dentate: with many teeth. 



Pluri-setose: bearing several seta; as the head in some Carabids. 



Pluri-valve: with several valves or valve-like appendages. 



Pneumogastric: the ganglion supplying nerves for the tracheal and digestive 

 system: also used as = vagus ; q. v. 



Pneustocera: breathing horns: the prolongations of the metathoracic spira- 

 cles in Berytldcc, etc. 



Pnystega: in Odonata, applied by Charpentier to a portion of mesonotum. 



Pobrachial: a longitudinal vein of the Ephemerid wing just behind praa- 

 brachial ; usually simple : number 7 of some systems. 



Podeon: in Hymenoptera, the petiole; the true second abdominal segment. 



Podex: the upper plate of the anal opening; = supra-anal or sur-anal plate 

 in caterpillars. 



Podical plates: the latero-ventral plates attached to the 10th abdominal seg- 

 ment of Orthoptcra; the two pieces on each side of the vent, thought by 

 Huxley to be rudiments of an llth abdominal ring; united they form the 

 tergite of a rudimentary ring : anal valves ; paranal lobes. 



Pododunera: apterous insects' with biting mouth structures. 



Podotheca: that part of pupa that covers the legs of future adult. 



Poecilocyttares: social wasps that build their combs around the branch or 

 other support covered by the envelope : see stelocyttares and phragmo- 

 cyttares. 



Poisers: = halteres and balancers; q. v. 



Poison glands: sometimes applied to the salivary glands of bugs and biting 

 flies ; more usually to an abdominal gland connected with the sting of fe- 

 male Hymenoptera. 



