114 EXPLANATION OF TERMS 



Pygidium: the last dorsal segment of abdomen left exposed by the elytra: 

 in Forficulidce, the last dorsal segment : in Diaspincc, the compound termi- 

 nal segment. 



Pygofer: the last segment of the abdomen in certain Homoptera, especially 

 the lateral margins which appear in the ventral view ; hence sometimes 

 used in the plural pygofers. 



Pygophore: the large upper piece of the genitalia in Homoptera. 



Pygotheca: the parts containing the genitalia in Homoptera. 



Pyloric: referring to the posterior extremity of the chylific ventricle. 



Pyloric valve: the specialized posterior portion of crop where there is no 

 distinct gizzard. 



Pyloric valvule: a circular projection of the stomach behind which is an 

 enlargement of the intestine. 



Pylorus: the chylific ventricle. 



Pyriform: shaped like a pear. 



Quadra -ri -ro: as a prefix, means four. 



Quadrate: square or nearly so. 



Quadrifarium: having four rows. 



Quadrilateral: four-sided: formed or bounded by four lines: in Odonata, 

 a space on the wings of Zygoptera bounded by the lower sector of arculus, 

 the submedian vein, a cross-vein between these two, and the lower part 

 of arculus. 



Queen: the actively reproducing female among worker insects. 



Quiescent: not active: applied to the pupse in forms with complete meta- 

 morphosis. 



Quiet: subdued: not conspicuous or contrasting in color or maculation. 



R 



Race: a variety of a species possessing constant characters which yet are not 

 specific; usually occurring in a different faunal region from the type and 

 may thus be geographical : nearly synonymous with subspecies. 



Racemose: like a bunch of grapes: applied to ovaries when they form 

 bunches or sacs. 



Rachis: a ridge or keel dividing the spinning canal at base, in caterpillars; 

 the shank of an antennal joint into which the lateral spines or other proc- 

 esses are inserted. 



Radial: pertaining to the radius or radial vein. 



Radial area: in Orthoptera; the space between the mediastinal (subcosta) 

 and radial veins : see scapular area. 



Radial cells: the wing area between the radius and media; often divided: in 

 the plural (Comst.), are those cells anteriorly margined by the radius or 

 its branches. 



Radial cross-vein: (Comst.) is that which divides cell, radius 1. 



