110 EXPLANATION OF TERMS 



Propneustic: larval forms in which only the most anterior spiracles occur. 



Propodeon: = propodeum. 



Propodeum: in Hymcnoptcra, that part of thorax just above insertion of 

 abdomen, and really the first abdominal segment : see median segment. 



Propolis: a glue or resin-like product elaborated by bees to serve as a cement 

 in cases where wax is not sufficiently tenacious. 



Propulsatory: that which drives onward or forward. 



Propupa: a semi-pupa; q. v. 



Propygidium: the dorsal segment or tergite in front of the pygidium, some- 

 times left exposed in Coleoptera. 



Propygium: = hypopygium; q. v. 



Proscutum: the scutum of the pronotum. 



Proscutellum: the scutellum of the pronotum. 



Prostemmatic: = ante-ocular ; q. v. 



Prosternal: belonging to the prosternum. 



Prosternal grooves: occur laterally in some Coleoptera, e. g., Elaterida, to 

 receive the antennae. 



Prosternal epimera: the epimera of prothorax. 



Prosternal episterna: the episterna of prothorax. 



Prosternal lobe: in some Coleoptera, an anterior prolongation of the pro- 

 sternum which more or less conceals the mouth from below. 



Prosternal spine: the curved mucro in Elatcridce which extends backward 

 into a meso-sternal cavity : the cone or tubercle between fore-legs in some 

 Orthoptera. 



Prosternal suture: that suture of prothorax which separates the sternum 

 from the pleural pieces. 



Prosternellum: the sternellum of the prothorax. 



Prosternum: the fore-breast: the sclerite between the fore-legs. 



Prostheca: a mandibular sclerite set with hair, articulated to the basalis 

 q. v. and equal to the lacinia of the maxilla. 



Protamphibion: a name applied by P. Mayer to the hypothetical common 

 ancestor of the Perlina, Ephemerina and Odonata. 



Protandry: the appearance of males earlier in the season than females. 



Protarsus: the tarsus of the anterior leg. 



Proteiform: having many forms or varieties: protean. 



Protergum: in Odonata, the upper surface of prothorax. 



Proterotypes: primary types, including all the material upon which the 

 original description is based. 



Prothoracic bristle: in Dipt era, a strong bristle immediately above the front 

 coxa : see propleural bristles. 



Prothoracic glands: occur in Orthoptera, on the sides of prothorax in cer- 

 tain Phasmid genera. 



Prothoracic shield: = cervical shield; q. v. 



Prothoracotheca: the pupal covering of prothorax. 



Prothorax: the first thoracic ring or segment; bears the anterior legs but 

 no wings : when free, as in Coleoptera, is usually referred to as " thorax " 

 merely. 



