148 EXPLANATION OF TERMS 



Velutinous: velvety: clothed with dense, soft, short hair, like velvet. 



Vena: a vein. 



Vena dividens: that longitudinal vein of secondaries that marks the begin- 

 ning of the anal area: = anal 1 (Comst.). 



Vena plicata: on the wings of Dcrmaptera, the vein around which the fold- 

 ing occurs. 



Vena spuria: = spurious vein; q. v. 



Venation: the system of chitinous framework supporting the wings: in 

 Lepidoptera, the veins are usually referred to by numbers which are as 

 follows : on primaries : 1 = anal ; 2 cubitus 2 ; 3 cubitus 1 ; 4 = media 

 3; 5 = media 2; 6 = media 1; 7 = radius 5; 8 = radius 4; 9 = radius 3; 

 10 = radius 2 ; 11 = radius 1 ; 12 = subcosta : on secondaries : 1, la, Ib = 

 anal ; 2 = cubitus ; 3 cubitus 1 ; 4 = media 3 ; 5 = media 2 ; 6 = media 1 ; 

 7 = radius 1; 8 = subcosta. See plate III for typical venations of all 

 orders. 



Venter: the belly: under surface of abdomen as a whole and of each ring. 



Ventose: inflated; puffed out. 



Ventrad: extending or directed toward the under side. 



Ventral: pertaining to the under surface of abdomen: in Dlptera, that face 

 of the leg which is inferior when laterally extended. 



Ventral chain: refers to the series of ganglia of the nervous system. 



Ventral comb: in Trichoptera, a transverse row of fine teeth on venter. 



Ventral diaphragm: is a fine membrane covering the central nerve cords 

 and ganglia : also called ventral heart. 



Ventral heart: = ventral diaphragm; q. v. 



Ventral plate: a thickening of the blastoderm of an egg from which the 

 embryo, but not the amnion or serosa, is formed. 



Ventral scale: in Diaspince, the under part of the puparium, interposed be- 

 tween the insect and the plant. 



Ventral tube: in Collcmbola, a tube or tubercle proceeding from the ventral 

 side of the first abdominal segment. 



Ventricose: with a big belly: distended; inflated. 



Ventriculus: the true stomach, = chylific ventricle; q. v. 



Ventri-meson: the middle line of the ventral surface of the body. 



Ventro-cephalad: toward the lower side and anteriorly. 



Ventro-dorsad: extending from belly to back. 



Venules: the branches of the main veins. 



Vermian: worm-like. 



Vermicular: worm-like, tortuous: resembling the tracks of a worm. 



Vermiculate: worm-like in form: a marking with worm-like tracings. 



Vermiform: worm-shaped. 



Vernal: appearing in spring. 



Vernantia: the molting or shedding of the skin. 



Verriculate: with thick-set tufts of parallel hairs. 



Verricule: a dense tuft of upright hairs. 



Verrucose: having little hard lumps or wart-like elevations. 



Versatile: moving freely in every direction. 



Versicolored: with several colors, indeterminately restricted. 



