554 



MEDUS.E OF THE WORLD. 



Nausithoe punctata Kolliker. 



Plate 60, figs. 4 and 5. 



Nausithoe punctata, KOLLIKER, 1853, Zeit. fiir wissen. Zool., Bd. 4, p. 323. KEFERSTEIN und EHLERS, 1861, Zool. Beitr. Neapel, 

 Messina, p. 80, taf. 13, fign. 1-3. HAECKEL, 1880, Syst. der Medusen, p. 486. CLAUS, 1883, Organ, und Entwick.der 

 Medusen, pp. 24, 41, taf. 6, fign. 44-466; taf. 7, fign. 47-53; taf. 8, fign. 54~55d. HAMANN, 1883, Zeit. fiir wissen. Zool., 

 Bd. 38, p. 420, taf. 23. GRJEFFE, 1884, Arbeit. Zool. Inst. Wien., Bd. 5, p. 342 (at Trieste, Adriatic, June to Oct., rare). 

 VANHOFFEN, 1892, Ergeb. der Plankton Expedition, Bd. II, K.d., p. 13, taf. 3, fign. 8, 9; 1892, Ergeb. der Plankton Expe- 

 dition, Bd. 2, K. c., Nachtrag; 1902, Wissen. Ergeb. deutsch. Tiefsee Exped., Bd. 3, Lfg. i, p. 29; 1906, Nordisches 

 Plankton, Nr. 1 1, p. 43, fign. 2, 3 (North Atlantic 59 39' N. lat.): 1908, deutsche Siidpolar Expedition, Bd. 10, Zool. 2, 

 p. 37. MAYER, 1900, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. at Harvard College, vol. 37, p. 67, figs. 67, 86; plate 23, figs. 87, 88; plate 

 26. AGASSIZ, A. and MAYER, 1902, Mem. Museum Comp. Zool. at Harvard College, vol. 26, p. 155, plate 7, fig. 32. 

 BIGELOW, H. B., 1904, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. at Harvard College, vol. 39, p. 263, plate 6, fig. 21 (Maldive Islands, 

 Indian Ocean). MAAS, 1904, Result. Camp. Sci. Prince de Monaco, fasc. 28, p. 54. BROWNE, 1905, Report Pearl 

 Oyster Fisheries, Gulf of Manaar, p. 157. BIGELOW, H. B., 1909, Mem. Museum Comp. Zool. at Harvard College, vol. 37, 

 p. 35, plate 12. 



Nausithoe albida, GEGENBAL R, 1856, Zeit. fiir wissen. Zool., Bd. 8, p. 21 1. CARVS, i857,IconesZootom., taf.II, fign. 17, 22, 23. 

 HERTWIG, O. und R., 1878, Nervensyst. und Sinnesorgane der Medusen, p. 105, taf. 9, figs. 2, 5, 10-13; ta ^' Io ^6' 1 7* 



Nausilhoe punctata, var. polaris, MAAS, 1 906, Fauna Arctica, Bd . 4, Lfg. 3, p. 51 1 = Nauphanta polaris Fewkes (review of literature). 



Nauphanta vttloris pisani, VANHOFFEN, 1892, Ergeb. der Plankton Expedition, Bd. 2, K. d., p. 15, taf. 3, fig. 10. 



Nauphanta polaris, FEWKES, 1888, Report Lady Franklin Bay Expedition, p. 40, plate I, figs. I, 2, Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

 ser. 6, vol. I, p. 255. 



Nausithoe marginata, METSCHNIKOFF, 1886, Embryologische Studien an Medusen, Wien, p. 23 (egg); p. 37 (segmentation); p. 66 

 (formation of entoderm); taf. 10, fign. 1-22. 



LARVAL STAGE: 



Nausithoe punctata=*Spongicola fslularis = Stephanoscyphus mirabilis, LOBIANCO, S., AND MAYER, P., 1890, Zool. Anzeiger, 



Jahrg. 13, p. 687. 



Spongicola fstularis, SCHULZE, F. E., 1877, Archiv. fur Mikroscop. Anat., Bd. 13, p. 795, taf. 45-47 (larval stage). 

 Stfphanoscyphus mirabilis, ALLMAN, 1874, Nature, vol. 10, 251; Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 14, p. 237. 

 Parasitic scyphostoma upon Esperia, KOWALEVSKY, A., 1873, Mem. Imperial Soc. Lovers of Natural History, Moscow, 

 vol. 10, part 2, p. 7 (Russian). 



Adult medusa. The umbrella is discoidal, flatter than a hemisphere, quite thick, and 

 9 to 15 mm. wide. Central disk of exumbrella thick, raised, and lenticular with a finely 

 punctate surface, not quite half as wide as the 

 medusa itself and separated from the peripheral 

 zone ot pedalia by an annular furrow. This outer 

 zone of pedalia is composed of 16 radial thicken- 

 ings, 8 in the radii of the tentacles and 8 in the 



352- 



353- 



FIG. 352. Nausithoe punctata, from life, by the author, at Naples Zoological Station, Jan. 15, 1908. 

 FIG. 353. "Nausicaa phtzacum," after Haeckel, in Das Syst. der Medusen. 



radii of the sense-organs. They thus alternate in position with the 16 marginal lappets and 

 are separated by deep radial clefts in the mid-axial radii of the lappets (fig. 5, plate 60). The 

 8 tentacles are adradial and arise from deep clefts between the lappets. The bases of these 

 tentacles are set in thick, socket-like pedalia and arise from the subumbrella side ot the bell. 

 The tentacles are about three-fourths as long as bell-diameter. The entodermal core of 

 each tentacle is solid and composed of highly vacuolated cells. There are 8 marginal sense- 

 organs, 4 radial and 4 interradial; these sense-organs are set at the bottom of 8 clefts between 

 the lappets, but the clefts of the sense-organs are not quite as deep as those of the tentacles. 

 The Hertwigs (1878, fig. 2, plate 9) and Claus (1883, fig. 47, plate 7) have shown that each 

 sense-organ contains a distal entodermal mass of cystalline concretions, and a ventral proxi- 

 mal, ectodermal eye provided with lens, retina, and nerve-fibers. The 16 marginal lappets are 

 long, flexible, and spatula-shaped. The mouth is a simple, cruciform opening at center of 



