Sl-.M LEOSTOME ]: \i icu.l.l \. (il',1 



Genus AURELLIA Pron and Lesueur, 1809. 



( ? ) Evagora, PRON IT LESUF.VR, 1809, Ann. du Mus. Hist. Nat., P.ui-, tome 14, p. 343. 



Aurcllia, IhitLj p. 357. 



Ocyroc, Ihiit., p. 355. 



Orythia t I.AMARCK, 1816, Hist. Anim. sans. Vert., tome 2, p. 502. Aurtlin, Ibid. f>. 512. 



MeJusu, KM H-.C IHII.TZ, 1829, Syst. JIT Acalephen, p. 6|. 



Monocraspedon-t- DiflocraifieJon, BRANDT, |S;X. Mr,,, AcaJ. Impi-riale dcs Sci. St. Pctcrsbourg, Sci. Nat., tit. 6, i.unc 4, pp. 

 ro, 372. 



ffiblis, LI:SSON, 184-,, Hi;t. Nat. Jcs Zoophytes, p. 339. 



Clauslra, Ibiil., p. 578. 



Aurelia, AI.A--M/, I,., 1862, Cont. Nat. Hist. U. S., vol. 4, pp. 1 !, 72, 78, 159. AGASSIZ, A., 1865, N.utli Amrr. Ac al., p. 41. - 

 CLAI'S, 1877, Denks. Aka I. Math. Nan. TV . r .. \\ i, -n.. BJ. 38, p. 19. HAECKF.L, 1880, Syst. JIT Mi-.lu-.vn, pp. ^i , (144; 

 1881, Metagenesis unj Hypogcnc&is von Aurelia aurita, Jena. ;'i pp.. 2 taf. 



Aurelia, v, IN I.MM > i n, |SS4. l'r..i . I. nine. in S,,e. NI-.V S.mtli Wales, vol. 9, p. Z79> GoETTE, A., 1887, Ahhandl. zur Ent- 

 wickelungBgcsch. Thiere, H, n 4. l.,:| ig (embryoli gj I, \,.\>M/ \M> MAVIR, 1899, Bull. Mui. Camp. Zool.al HarvarJ 

 College, vol. 32, p. 171. VAMIOI i IN, iXSS, Bibliothetj Zonl,ij;Ha. BJ. i. Heft 3, p. 23. BATESON, iS-i,-. Mat, rial- fur 

 the Stujy "f Variation, p. 428 (variations). BROWNE, 1894, Quart. Journ. Micros. Sci., vol. 37, p. 245. Hvot, 1894, 

 Xeit. fur wi^sen. /t,,il., KJ. ^S, p. ^^. \'A\ii'ih^N, 1888, Bibli"tli, t a /,, .lui;ica. Heft ^, p. H); lt^02. \\i ,11. I.r^eb. 

 Jc-ntM'li. Tief^ec Expejition, Dampfer /',//,.'/; 1,1. H.I. : ! [, p. 41; 1906, Nordistliej Plankton, Nr. 1 1, p. 6o.--.MAAs, 

 K)o6, l-'aiina Arcliia. BJ. 4, I.fg. 3, p. 507 (discussion of literature); 1903, ScyphomeJusen Jer Sibo^a K\pe iiti,,n. Monog 



II, p. 2*i. I : KI MiMANN, It;O2 , i^eit . I U r ... i , 1 1 . /. '"1 ., H J . 7 I , p. 227 .- -HARGITT, '9Of, I'>urn. K \[>er. /ool., Vol. 2, p. 548. 



Auricoma, HAI.I-KI.L, 1880, loc.cit., pp. 633, 644 (an abnormal Aurellia with 16 sense-organs). 



G I- N I R I C t 1 1 A R A C T K R S . 



Ulmaridae \\nli a simple, central mouth-opening winch is surrounded by 4 well-developed, 

 radially situated, unbranched mouth-arms m palps. X marginal M.-iiM-oi\i;ans. The tentacles 

 an.- .small and alternate with an ec|ual number <>t shurr lappets. Both tentacles and lappets 

 arise from the sides ot the exumhrella a short distance above bell-margin. The bell-margin 

 is divided into 8 or 16 broad, velar lobes. The central stomach pves rise to a inimln i o| 

 branched, radiating canals \\hich anastomose and are connected by a marginal rin^-canal. 

 I here are 4 mterradial onads and 4 well-developed, subgenital pits. 



The name "Evagora" which takes precedence o\er "////<///-(" was applied to Forskal's 

 i persea which is wholly unrecognizable, as is also '(), yroe," and these names must 

 therefore yield to "/I HI, Hi, i," which was first proposed by Feron and Lesueur for .Innlli.i 

 iiiiriln ot Europe. They spell the generic name Aurellia. 



The species ol this genus are among the most widely distributed ot Sc\ phomedus.e. beiiii.- 

 found in all oceans and all latitudes. They are most abundant along the shores ot continents 

 and large islands and are comparative!) iaie in the open ocean far from land. It is possible 

 that the t'ossil .\!,Jn<in,i ,i,,tnt,i from the lo\\ei Cambrian ot Sue den is an AnrAlin. 



Although tully a do/.en species ot .liin-lliii ha\e been described 1 believe that then aie but 

 3 reasonably well-defined tvpcs. Ot these ./. nnnt<i is ot world-wide distribution. ./. \<i\>mt<i 

 is found in i hi- Pacific, and a ihiid tairlv well-defined species is ./. inaLlr.-,-n\i\, described lu- 

 ll. H. Higelow trom the atolls ot the Maldne Islands in the Indian Ocean. The distinctions 



D 



bet\\een main ot the "species" are not well ascertained, and there are mimeious \anelies cu 

 local races. .7. ,innt,i is sub|ect to great individual \anation and some CP| these chance \aiia- 

 tions have been described as species. 



The species of .lunllni display much individual variability, and studies upon ibis subject 

 have been carried out by Khrenbei" ' i^S 1 . Romanes I |S-'i --). Mrowiu ' 1X114 1^1. Duncker, 

 So i 1 by, 1 1 c id man, 1 in hank i I Si; 4 i. Hallow it/ i [898), and I I. HIM It I 1005 ). Ciooil review s ot t Ill- 

 results of the earlier of these investigations are giv en In Bateson, 1895 (Materials for the Study 

 of N'aiiations, p. 42''), and In \Lj.iss1y. and \\'oodworih, l8i/) (Hull. Mus. C'omp. Xool. at 

 llarvaul College, vol. 50, No. 2). The abnormal individuals of . Inn-llin iinnt,i are peculiar in 

 that they generalh presiive l he radial symmetry of the disk, even though the numbei of 

 segments be changed. Radially symmetrical abnormalities appear to be about twice as 

 numerous as are irregular ones. This law applies also to the variations of the Leptomcdusa 

 Pseudoclytia [>,-nt<it (see vol. II, p. i~Si. 



Browne, 1894 and l8g5,discov ered that congenitall\' abnormal ephyr:i- of .-lunlliii survived 

 fully as well as normal ones, and also that the abnormal eplnia- were no more abundant in 

 1892 than they were when F.hrenberg studied them at the same place in 1X^4. Kvidently the 

 abnormal individuals do not acquire am fixed teiulency to perpetuate their own peculiarities 



